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Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a medication and hormone. [10] [11] As a medication, it is used to treat several conditions, including anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, asthma, and superficial bleeding. [8] Inhaled epinephrine may be used to improve the symptoms of croup. [12] It may also be used for asthma when other treatments are not ...
In refractory vasodilatory shock, the patient has both vasopressin secretion deficit and an advanced resistance to vasopressin-induced blood-pressure changes. [23] Some have hypothesized that patients with vasopressin deficiency, including a decrease in baroreceptor stimulation, appear to have impaired autonomic reflexes. [ 23 ]
The mechanisms of sympathomimetic drugs can be direct-acting (direct interaction between drug and receptor), such as α-adrenergic agonists, β-adrenergic agonists, and dopaminergic agonists; or indirect-acting (interaction not between drug and receptor), such as MAOIs, COMT inhibitors, release stimulants, and reuptake inhibitors that increase the levels of endogenous catecholamines.
Angioedema can be due to antibody formation against C1INH; this is an autoimmune disorder. This acquired angioedema is associated with the development of lymphoma. Consumption of foods that are themselves vasodilators, such as alcoholic beverages or cinnamon, can increase the probability of an angioedema episode in susceptible patients. If the ...
Whilst some studies suggest that there are only minor differences in terms of adverse effect between asthma patients and non-asthma patients, beta-1 blockers are generally not prescribed to asthma patients or patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, due to its potential blockage of beta 2 receptors. [5]
An epinephrine autoinjector (or adrenaline autoinjector, also known by the trademark EpiPen) is a medical device for injecting a measured dose or doses of epinephrine (adrenaline) by means of autoinjector technology. It is most often used for the treatment of anaphylaxis. The first epinephrine autoinjector was brought to market in 1983.
Pheochromocytoma patients often have plasma adrenaline levels of 1000–10,000 ng/L. Parenteral administration of adrenaline to acute-care cardiac patients can produce plasma concentrations of 10,000 to 100,000 ng/L. [82] [83]
[1] [9] Additional doses of epinephrine may be required. [1] Other measures, such as antihistamines and steroids, are complementary. [1] Carrying an epinephrine autoinjector, commonly called an "epipen", and identification regarding the condition is recommended in people with a history of anaphylaxis. [1]
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