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Kidney stone disease, also known as renal calculus disease, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis, is a crystallopathy where a solid piece of material (renal calculus) develops in the urinary tract. [2] Renal calculi typically form in the kidney and leave the body in the urine stream. [2] A small calculus may pass without causing symptoms. [2]
Nephrocalcinosis is closely associated with nephrolithiasis, and patients frequently present with both conditions, however there have been cases where one occurs without the other. [1] Calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate crystals form when the concentration of the reactants exceeds the limit of solubility of these compounds under the ...
A calculus (pl.: calculi), often called a stone, is a concretion of material, usually mineral salts, that forms in an organ or duct of the body. Formation of calculi is known as lithiasis (/ ˌ l ɪ ˈ θ aɪ ə s ɪ s /).
Dent's disease (or Dent disease) is a rare X-linked recessive inherited condition that affects the proximal renal tubules [1] of the kidney.It is one cause of Fanconi syndrome, and is characterized by tubular proteinuria, excess calcium in the urine, formation of calcium kidney stones, nephrocalcinosis, and chronic kidney failure.
Where available, a noncontrast helical CT scan with 5 millimeter sections is the diagnostic modality of choice in the radiographic evaluation of suspected nephrolithiasis. [16] [17] [18] All stones are detectable on CT scans except very rare stones composed of certain drug residues in the urine. [19]
Idiopathic hypercalcinuria (IH) is a condition including an excessive urinary calcium level with a normal blood calcium level resulting from no underlying cause. [1] IH has become the most common cause of hypercalciuria and is the most serious metabolic risk factor for developing nephrolithiasis. [1]
Hypercalciuria is the condition of elevated calcium in the urine.Chronic hypercalciuria may lead to impairment of renal function, nephrocalcinosis, and chronic kidney disease.
Most patients present with both manifestations, but some present with loin pain or hematuria alone. Pain episodes are rarely associated with low-grade fever and dysuria, but urinary tract infection is not present. The major causes of flank pain and hematuria, such as nephrolithiasis and blood clot, are typically not present. Renal arteriography ...