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The Sack of Mecca occurred on 11 January 930, when the Qarmatians of Bahrayn sacked the Muslim holy city amidst the rituals of the Hajj pilgrimage.. The Qarmatians, a radical Isma'ili sect established in Bahrayn since the turn of the 9th century, had previously attacked the caravans of Hajj pilgrims and even invaded and raided Iraq, the heartland of the Abbasid Caliphate, in 927–928.
Under al-Jannabi (ruled 923–944), the Qarmaṭians came close to capturing Baghdad in 927, and sacked Mecca in 930, The Qarmatians also sacked Medina. [27] In their attack on Islam's holiest sites, the Qarmatians desecrated the Zamzam Well with corpses of Hajj pilgrims and took the Black Stone from Mecca to Ain Al Kuayba [28] in Qatif.
The sack of Mecca followed millenarian excitement among the Qarmatians (and in Persia) over the conjunction of Saturn and Jupiter in 928. Bahrain became the seat of the Qarmatian Mahdi-Caliph from Isfahan who abolished Sharīa law. The new Mahdi also changed the qibla of prayer from Mecca to that of fire, a specifically Zoroastrian practice.
The Emir of Mecca was killed in the conflict as well. Afterwards, the sanctuary of the mosque was defiled, with the Black Stone stolen from its original spot near the Kaaba . [ 2 ] The motives for the attack are not very clear, and historians including Hugh N. Kennedy theorized that the main motive of the Qarmatians was to direct pilgrimage ...
In the 880s and 890s, the Isma'ili Shi'a missionary Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi had established a strong following among the Bedouin tribes of Bahrayn. [3] In 899, the Isma'ili movement split between a branch that followed the leadership of the future Fatimid caliph, Abdallah al-Mahdi, and those who rejected his claims to the imamate, known as the "Qarmatians".
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources .
House of Muhammed in Medina, where he lived after the migration from Mecca. [21] Dar Al-Arqam, the first Islamic school where Muhammad taught. [22] It now lies under the extension of the Masjid Al-Haram of Mecca. [citation needed] Qubbat al-Thanaya, the burial site of Muhammed's incisor that was broken in the Battle of Uhud. [8]
930: Sack of Mecca by the Qarmatian ruler Abu Tahir al-Jannabi. Th Qarmatians carry away the Black Stone from the Kaaba. In Spain, Abd al-Rahman III declares himself Caliph of Córdoba. 931: Deposition and restoration of the Abbasid Caliph al-Muqtadir. 932: Death of the Abbasid Caliph Muqtadir; accession of al-Qahir.