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The rectangular function (also known as the rectangle function, rect function, Pi function, Heaviside Pi function, [1] gate function, unit pulse, or the normalized boxcar function) is defined as [2] Alternative definitions of the function define to be 0, [3] 1, [4][5] or undefined. Its periodic version is called a rectangular wave.
The square wave is a special case of a pulse wave which allows arbitrary durations at minimum and maximum amplitudes. The ratio of the high period to the total period of a pulse wave is called the duty cycle. A true square wave has a 50% duty cycle (equal high and low periods). Square waves are often encountered in electronics and signal ...
Pulse wave. A pulse wave or pulse train or rectangular wave is a non-sinusoidal waveform that is the periodic version of the rectangular function. It is held high a percent each cycle (period) called the duty cycle and for the remainder of each cycle is low. A duty cycle of 50% produces a square wave, a specific case of a rectangular wave.
Vibration of plates. Vibration mode of a clamped square plate. The vibration of plates is a special case of the more general problem of mechanical vibrations. The equations governing the motion of plates are simpler than those for general three-dimensional objects because one of the dimensions of a plate is much smaller than the other two.
Sinc-in-time. Sinc-in-time is an ideal filter that removes all frequency components above a given cutoff frequency, without attenuating lower frequencies, and has linear phase response. It may thus be considered a brick-wall filter or rectangular filter. Its impulse response is a sinc function in the time domain:
Examples of pulse shapes: (a) rectangular pulse, (b) cosine squared (raised cosine) pulse, (c) Dirac pulse, (d) sinc pulse, (e) Gaussian pulse A pulse in signal processing is a rapid, transient change in the amplitude of a signal from a baseline value to a higher or lower value, followed by a rapid return to the baseline value.
Sinc function. In mathematics, physics and engineering, the sinc function, denoted by sinc (x), has two forms, normalized and unnormalized. [1] In mathematics, the historical unnormalized sinc function is defined for x ≠ 0 by. Alternatively, the unnormalized sinc function is often called the sampling function, indicated as Sa (x). [2]
Microwave cavity. Two microwave cavities (left) from 1955, each attached by waveguide to a reflex klystron (right) a vacuum tube used to generate microwaves. The cavities serve as resonators (tank circuits) to determine the frequency of the oscillators. A microwave cavity or radio frequency cavity (RF cavity) is a special type of resonator ...