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2. Quartz - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz

   Quartz crystal demonstrating transparency. Pure quartz, traditionally called rock crystal or clear quartz, is colorless and transparent or translucent and has often been used for hardstone carvings, such as the Lothair Crystal. Common colored varieties include citrine, rose quartz, amethyst, smoky quartz, milky quartz, and others. [33]

3. Gemstone - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone

   Gemstone. Group of precious and semiprecious stones—both uncut and faceted—including (clockwise from top left) diamond, uncut synthetic sapphire, ruby, uncut emerald, and amethyst crystal cluster. A gemstone (also called a fine gem, jewel, precious stone, semiprecious stone, or simply gem) is a piece of mineral crystal which, when cut or ...

4. List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._state...

   Leaders of states in the U.S. which have significant mineral deposits often create a state mineral, rock, stone or gemstone to promote interest in their natural resources, history, tourism, etc. Not every state has an official state mineral, rock, stone and/or gemstone, however.

5. Chalcedony - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalcedony

   Chalcedony. Chalcedony (/ kælˈsɛdəni / kal-SED-ə-nee, or / ˈkælsəˌdoʊni / KAL-sə-doh-nee) [2] is a cryptocrystalline form of silica, composed of very fine intergrowths of quartz and moganite. [3] These are both silica minerals, but they differ in that quartz has a trigonal crystal structure, while moganite is monoclinic.

6. Desert rose (crystal) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_rose_(crystal)

   A desert rose is an intricate rose -like formation of crystal clusters of gypsum or baryte, which include abundant sand grains. [1] The "petals" are crystals flattened on the c axis, fanning open in radiating clusters. The rosette crystal habit tends to occur when the crystals form in arid sandy conditions, [1] such as the evaporation of a ...

7. Amethyst - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amethyst

   Amethyst is a purple variety of quartz (SiO. 2) and owes its violet color to irradiation, impurities of iron (Fe3+. ) and in some cases other transition metals, and the presence of other trace elements, which result in complex crystal lattice substitutions. [2][3][4] The irradiation causes the iron Fe3+.