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The typical dose is 1.5 mg/kg IV given three minutes prior to intubation. [34] Atropine may also be used as a premedication agent in pediatrics to prevent bradycardia caused by hypoxia, laryngoscopy, and succinylcholine. Atropine is a parasympathetic blocker. The common premedication dose for atropine is 0.01–0.02 mg/kg.
For symptomatic bradycardia, the usual dosage is 0.5 to 1 mg IV push; this may be repeated every 3 to 5 minutes, up to a total dose of 3 mg (maximum 0.04 mg/kg). [ 23 ] Atropine is also useful in treating second-degree heart block Mobitz type 1 (Wenckebach block) , and also third-degree heart block with a high Purkinje or AV-nodal escape rhythm .
If a person is unstable, the initial recommended treatment is intravenous atropine. [34] Doses less than 0.5 mg should not be used, which may further decrease the rate. [34] If this is ineffective, intravenous inotrope infusion (dopamine, epinephrine) or transcutaneous pacing should be used. [34]
The greater use of atropine and epinephrine or external pacing may make transvenous pacing unnecessary by stabilizing patients early in the process of caring for the patient. Some debate exists over the efficacity and reliability of transvenous pacing, especially if the need for permanent pacing is anticipated.
The use of atropine, lidocaine, and amiodarone have not been shown to improve survival from cardiac arrest. [115] [116] [81] Atropine is used for symptomatic bradycardia. It is given at a does of 1 mg (iv), and additional 1 mg (iv) doses can be given every 3–5 minutes for a total of 3 mg.
Diphenoxylate/atropine, also known as co-phenotrope and sold under the brand name Lomotil among others, is used to treat diarrhea. [2] [3] It is a fixed-dose combination of the medications diphenoxylate, as the hydrochloride, an antidiarrheal; and atropine, as the sulfate, an anticholinergic. [1] It is taken by mouth. [2] Onset is typically ...
At some point before surgery a health care provider conducts a preoperative assessment to verify that a person is fit and ready for the surgery. [1] [2] For surgeries in which a person receives either general or local anesthesia, this assessment may be done either by a doctor or a nurse trained to do the assessment. [2]
In pharmacokinetics, a loading dose is an initial higher dose of a drug that may be given at the beginning of a course of treatment before dropping down to a lower maintenance dose. [ 1 ] A loading dose is most useful for drugs that are eliminated from the body relatively slowly, i.e. have a long systemic half-life .