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The crown jewel of his research was on developmental tasks. Havighurst tried to define the developmental stages on many levels. Havighurst identified six major stages in human life covering birth to old age: Infancy & early childhood (Birth till 6 years old) Middle childhood (6–12 years old) Adolescence (13–18 years old)
Developmental changes to various organs and organ systems occur throughout life. These changes affect responses to stress and illness, and can compromise the body's ability to cope with the demand for organs. [53] The altered functioning of the heart, lungs, and even skin in old age can be attributed to factors like cell death or endocrine ...
During middle age, the primary developmental task is one of contributing to society and helping to guide future generations. When a person makes a contribution during this period, perhaps by raising a family or working toward the betterment of society, a sense of generativity—a sense of productivity and accomplishment—results.
However, in developing countries inability to make "active contribution" to society, not chronological age, marks the beginning of old age. [142] [143] According to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, old age is the stage in which individuals assess the quality of their lives. [144] Erikson labels this stage as integrity versus despair.
Levinson believed that a person should be finished with their midlife transition tasks around age 45, at which point new developmental tasks arise. [1] Levinson argued that the difference between the midlife transition and the middle adulthood stage can be seen in small changes, including changed family relationships and changes in work life ...
“So if they’re 70 years old, they’ll say old age begins at 75. And when they get to 75, they’ll say old age begins at 80.” Of course, age doesn’t always correlate with health status.
The global challenge we should be talking more about.
From his research, Levinson described specific stages of life from childhood to old age, each of which he suggested has a developmental task or crisis that needs to be resolved. Levinson believed that the pre-adulthood stage, early adulthood transition, early adulthood stage, midlife transition, middle adulthood stage, late adulthood transition ...