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Evaluation of passive and active range of motion: Neck range of motion should be assessed that may reveal a neck source of shoulder pain. The Apley scratch test specifically tests range of motion and in a normal exam, an individual should be able to reach C7 on external rotation, and T7 on internal rotation. Evaluation of distal pulses
An increased amount of anterior tibial translation compared with the opposite limb or lack of a firm end-point may indicate either a sprain of the anteromedial bundle or complete tear of the ACL. [2] If the tibia pulls forward or backward more than normal, the test is considered positive.
The two muscles most commonly inhibited during this first part of an overhead motion are the serratus anterior and the lower trapezius. [10] These two muscles act as a force couple within the glenohumeral joint to properly elevate the acromion process, and if a muscle imbalance exists, shoulder impingement may develop.
A decrease in pain or apprehension or an increase in range of motion is a positive sign for anterior instability. [1] [2] [3] Anterior pain may be caused by laxity in anterior ligaments or capsular structures or a tear of the labrum. Posterior pain may be caused from internal impingement of the posterior capsular or labrum. [2]
It is important that the examiner's thumb be on the tibial tuberosity. [3] The tibia is pulled forward to assess the amount of anterior motion of the tibia in comparison to the femur. An intact ACL should prevent forward translational movement ("firm endpoint") while an ACL-deficient knee will demonstrate increased forward translation without a ...
They are known as the "5 Ps": pain, pallor, decreased pulse, paresthesia, and paralysis. [6] Pain and paresthesia are the early symptoms of compartment syndrome. [19] [6] Common symptoms are: Pain: A person may feel pain greater than the exam findings. [6] This pain may not be relieved by strong painkillers, including opioids like morphine. [20]
Tendinopathy is a type of tendon disorder that results in pain, swelling, and impaired function. [2] The pain is typically worse with movement. [2] It most commonly occurs around the shoulder (rotator cuff tendinitis, biceps tendinitis), elbow (tennis elbow, golfer's elbow), wrist, hip, knee (jumper's knee, popliteus tendinopathy), or ankle (Achilles tendinitis).
A SLAP tear or SLAP lesion is an injury to the superior glenoid labrum (fibrocartilaginous rim attached around the margin of the glenoid cavity in the shoulder blade) that initiates in the back of the labrum and stretches toward the front into the attachment point of the long head of the biceps tendon.