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Maria Goretti, 1902, died defending herself from being raped; Karolina Kózka, 1914; Armenian Martyrs, 1915-1923 [80] Grand Duchess Elizabeth Fyodorovna, 1918; Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and Family, 1918; Nun Barbara (Yakovleva), 1918; James Coyle, 1921; Gregory of Cydonia, 1922; Manuel Gómez González, 1924; Adílio Daronch, 1924
Paul the Apostle, in his First Epistle to the Corinthians, appears to give the first historical reference to the Twelve Apostles: "For I delivered to you as of first importance what I also received: that Christ died for our sins in accordance with the Scriptures, that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day in accordance with the ...
The "eschatological ideology" [citation needed] of martyrdom was based on an irony found in the Pauline epistles: "to live outside of Christ is to die, and to die in Christ is to live." [20] [21] In Ad Martyras, Tertullian writes that some Christians "eagerly desired it" (et ultro appetita) [i.e. martyrdom]. [21]
Stephen (Greek: Στέφανος, romanized: Stéphanos; c. AD 5 – c. 34) is traditionally venerated as the protomartyr or first martyr of Christianity. [2] According to the Acts of the Apostles, he was a deacon in the early church at Jerusalem who angered members of various synagogues by his teachings.
The Encyclopædia Britannica relates that "James the Lord's brother was a Christian apostle, according to St. Paul, although not one of the original Twelve Apostles." [ 1 ] According to Protestant theologian Philip Schaff , James seems to have taken the place of James the son of Zebedee, after his martyrdom, around 44 AD.
James the Great [a] (Koinē Greek: Ἰάκωβος, romanized: Iákōbos; Aramaic: ܝܥܩܘܒ, romanized: Yaʿqōḇ; died AD 44) was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. According to the New Testament, he was the second of the apostles to die after Judas Iscariot and the first to be martyred. [1]
The resurrection of Jesus was of primary importance to Paul, bringing the promise of salvation to believers. Paul taught that, when Christ returned, "those who died in Christ would be raised when he returned", while those still alive would be "caught up in the clouds together with them to meet the Lord in the air". [279] [8]
The earliest Church Fathers, within two generations of the Twelve Apostles of Christ, are usually called Apostolic Fathers for reportedly knowing and studying under the apostles personally. Important Apostolic Fathers include Clement of Rome (d. AD 99), [210] Ignatius of Antioch (d.