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In mathematical logic, algebraic logic is the reasoning obtained by manipulating equations with free variables.. What is now usually called classical algebraic logic focuses on the identification and algebraic description of models appropriate for the study of various logics (in the form of classes of algebras that constitute the algebraic semantics for these deductive systems) and connected ...
The theory of real closed fields is the theory in which the primitive operations are multiplication and addition; this implies that, in this theory, the only numbers that can be defined are the real algebraic numbers. As proven by Tarski, this theory is decidable; see Tarski–Seidenberg theorem and Quantifier elimination.
This is a list of mathematical logic topics. ... Definable real number; Algebraic logic. Boolean algebra (logic) Dialectica space; categorical logic; Model theory.
The corresponding logical symbols are "", "", [6] and , [10] and sometimes "iff".These are usually treated as equivalent. However, some texts of mathematical logic (particularly those on first-order logic, rather than propositional logic) make a distinction between these, in which the first, ↔, is used as a symbol in logic formulas, while ⇔ is used in reasoning about those logic formulas ...
An algebraic theory consists of a collection of n-ary functional terms with additional rules (axioms).. For example, the theory of groups is an algebraic theory because it has three functional terms: a binary operation a × b, a nullary operation 1 (neutral element), and a unary operation x ↦ x −1 with the rules of associativity, neutrality and inverses respectively.
Mathematical logic is the study of formal logic within mathematics. Major subareas include model theory, proof theory, set theory, and recursion theory (also known as computability theory). Research in mathematical logic commonly addresses the mathematical properties of formal systems of logic such as their expressive or deductive power.
Glivenko's theorem (mathematical logic) Glivenko's theorem (probability) Glivenko–Cantelli theorem (probability) Goddard–Thorn theorem (vertex algebras) Gödel's completeness theorem (mathematical logic) Gödel's incompleteness theorem (mathematical logic) Godunov's theorem (numerical analysis) Going-up and going-down theorems (commutative ...
In mathematical logic, algebraic semantics is a formal semantics based on algebras studied as part of algebraic logic. For example, the modal logic S4 is characterized by the class of topological boolean algebras—that is, boolean algebras with an interior operator. Other modal logics are characterized by various other algebras with operators.