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Morphine is highly addictive and prone to abuse. [12] If one's dose is reduced after long-term use, opioid withdrawal symptoms may occur. [12] Caution is advised for the use of morphine during pregnancy or breastfeeding, as it may affect the health of the baby. [12] [2] Morphine was first isolated in 1804 by German pharmacist Friedrich Sertürner.
IUPAC name (4S,4aS,7R,7aS,12bR) ... -Morphine also known as dextro-morphine is the "unnatural" enantiomer of the opioid drug (−)-morphine.
Names IUPAC name. Morphinan [1] Systematic IUPAC name (4aR,10R,10aR) ... Typical examples include compounds such as morphine, codeine, and dextromethorphan (DXM).
Morphine-N-oxide (genomorphine) is an active opioid metabolite of morphine. Morphine itself, in trials with rats, is 11–22 times more potent than morphine- N -oxide subcutaneously and 39–89 times more potent intraperitoneally .
The name codeine is derived from the Ancient Greek κώδεια (kṓdeia, "poppy head"). The relative proportion of codeine to morphine, the most common opium alkaloid at 4% to 23%, tends to be somewhat higher in the poppy straw method of preparing opium alkaloids.
Morpholine is an organic chemical compound having the chemical formula O(C H 2 CH 2) 2 NH. This heterocycle features both amine and ether functional groups.Because of the amine, morpholine is a base; its conjugate acid is called morpholinium.
Diacetyldihydromorphine is quickly metabolized by plasma esterase enzymes into dihydromorphine, in the same way that diamorphine is metabolized into morphine. Diamorphine is 1.50–1.80 times the potency of morphine. [2] It shares with other opioids the risk of overdose or (potentially life-threatening) respiratory depression.
Metonitazene is an analgesic compound related to etonitazene, [2] [3] which was first reported in 1957, [4] and has been shown to have approximately 1000 times the potency of morphine by central routes of administration, [5] but if used orally it has been shown to have approximately 10 times the potency of morphine.