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Ram-air intake on a Kawasaki ZX-12R. A ram-air intake is any intake design which uses the dynamic air pressure created by vehicle motion, or ram pressure, to increase the static air pressure inside of the intake manifold on an internal combustion engine, thus allowing a greater massflow through the engine and hence increasing engine power.
The sound produced by compressor surge is called turbo flutter and the repeated, high speed cycling will cause a cyclic torque on the compressor and may lead to increased stresses on the bearings and compressor impeller. [2] A blowoff valve is designed to release pressure in the intake system when the throttle is closed.
Using a butterfly valve to force exhaust gas through a smaller passage in the turbo inlet; Electric turbochargers [51] and hybrid turbochargers. A similar phenomenon that is often mistaken for turbo lag is the boost threshold. This is where the engine speed (rpm) is currently below the operating range of the turbocharger system, therefore the ...
A turbocharger for a car engine A supercharger (on top of a dark-grey inlet manifold) for a car engine. In an internal combustion engine, forced induction is where turbocharging or supercharging is used to increase the density of the intake air.
A 3-port solenoid-type boost controller A 4-port solenoid-type boost controller (used for a dual-port wastegate). The purpose of a boost controller is to reduce the boost pressure seen by the wastegate's reference port, in order to trick the wastegate into allowing higher boost pressures than it was designed for.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 6 January 2025. Motor vehicle BMW 7 Series (F01) Overview Manufacturer BMW Model code F01 (short-wheelbase) F02 (long-wheelbase) F03 (high-security) F04 (ActiveHybrid) Production 2008–2015 Assembly Germany: Dingolfing Russia: Kaliningrad Thailand: Rayong Egypt: 6th of October City India: Chennai ...
Hadley Engineering — Developed a kit sold under the name "Trans-Vair". This product included a full sub-frame that allowed a complete Corvair powertrain to be installed in a modified Volkswagen chassis. [115] Lukes and Shorman — One of the first companies to offer a kit to adapt the Turbo-Air 6 to a Volkswagen transaxle. [116]
The turbine exhaust can be designed to be fuel-rich (i.e., the combustor does not burn all the fuel) which, when mixed with the compressed air, creates a hot fuel-air mixture which is ready to burn again. More fuel is injected into this air where it is again combusted. The exhaust is ejected through a propelling nozzle, generating thrust. [5]