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The health and safety hazards of nanomaterials include the potential toxicity of various types of nanomaterials, as well as fire and dust explosion hazards. Because nanotechnology is a recent development, the health and safety effects of exposures to nanomaterials, and what levels of exposure may be acceptable, are subjects of ongoing research.
As a result, manufactured nanoparticles, with sizes less than 100 nm, are released into the environment. [8] Plant uptake and bioaccumulation of these nanoparticles can cause plant growth enhancement or phytotoxic effects, depending on plant species and nanoparticle concentration. [8]
Regulatory bodies such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the Food and Drug Administration in the U.S. or the Health & Consumer Protection Directorate of the European Commission have started dealing with the potential risks posed by nanoparticles. So far, neither engineered nanoparticles nor the products and materials that ...
Retards absorption of drug [3] St John's wort Tipton's weed, Klamath weed Hypericum perforatum: Antidepressants, [15] [16] warfarin, protease inhibitors for HIV, birth control, some asthma drugs, and many other medications [16]
One area of active research in this field is the use of nanofertilizers. Because of the aforementioned special properties of nanoparticles, nanofertilizers can be tuned to have specialized delivery to plants. Conventional fertilizers can be dangerous to the environment because of the sheer amount of runoff that stems from their use. [5]
A majority of silver nanoparticles in consumer products go down the drain and are eventually released into sewer systems and reach wastewater treatment plants. [5] Primary screening and grit removal in wastewater treatment does not completely filter out silver nanoparticles, and coagulation treatment may lead to further condensation into wastewater sludge. [2]
[31] The microbes are developing resistant again multiple synthetic drugs, thus leading to the emergence of MDR (Multi Drug Resistant) strains of microbes, which pose a challenge to the modern drug system. [32] [33] To overcome this challenge, the nanoparticles synthesized using extracts of plant and plant parts have emerged as a hope.
Nanotechnology has provided the possibility of delivering drugs to specific cells using nanoparticles. [10] [11] This use of drug delivery systems was first proposed by Gregory Gregoriadis in 1974, who outlined liposomes as a drug delivery system for chemotherapy. [12] The overall drug consumption and side-effects may be lowered significantly ...