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  2. Free variables and bound variables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_variables_and_bound...

    Note: we define a location in an expression as a leaf node in the syntax tree. Variable binding occurs when that location is below the node n. In the lambda calculus, x is a bound variable in the term M = λx. T and a free variable in the term T. We say x is bound in M and free in T. If T contains a subterm λx. U then x is rebound in this term.

  3. Statistical data type - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_data_type

    Because variables conforming only to nominal or ordinal measurements cannot be reasonably measured numerically, sometimes they are grouped together as categorical variables, whereas ratio and interval measurements are grouped together as quantitative variables, which can be either discrete or continuous, due to their numerical nature.

  4. Variable and attribute (research) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_and_attribute...

    Attributes are closely related to variables. A variable is a logical set of attributes. [1] Variables can "vary" – for example, be high or low. [1] How high, or how low, is determined by the value of the attribute (and in fact, an attribute could be just the word "low" or "high"). [1] (For example see: Binary option)

  5. Free parameter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_parameter

    A free parameter is a variable in a mathematical model which cannot be predicted precisely or constrained by the model [1] and must be estimated [2] experimentally or theoretically. A mathematical model, theory, or conjecture is more likely to be right and less likely to be the product of wishful thinking if it relies on few free parameters and ...

  6. Research design - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_design

    The choice of how to group participants depends on the research hypothesis and on how the participants are sampled.In a typical experimental study, there will be at least one "experimental" condition (e.g., "treatment") and one "control" condition ("no treatment"), but the appropriate method of grouping may depend on factors such as the duration of measurement phase and participant ...

  7. Methodology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methodology

    [11] [15] In this regard, methodology comes after formulating a research question and helps the researchers decide what methods to use in the process. For example, methodology should assist the researcher in deciding why one method of sampling is preferable to another in a particular case or which form of data analysis is likely to bring the ...

  8. List of research methods in biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_research_methods...

    A research design that involves multiple measures of the same variable taken on the same or matched subjects either under different conditions or over two or more time periods. [1] Paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test

  9. Univariate (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univariate_(statistics)

    The first one is to answer a research question with descriptive study and the second one is to get knowledge about how attribute varies with individual effect of a variable in regression analysis. There are some ways to describe patterns found in univariate data which include graphical methods, measures of central tendency and measures of ...