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Medical condition Subarachnoid hemorrhage Other names Subarachnoid haemorrhage CT scan of the brain showing subarachnoid hemorrhage as a white area in the center (marked by the arrow) and stretching into the sulci to either side Pronunciation / ˌ s ʌ b ə ˈ r æ k n ɔɪ d ˈ h ɛ m ər ɪ dʒ / Specialty Neurosurgery, Neurology Symptoms Severe headache of rapid onset, vomiting, decreased ...
The underlying pathology originates in the brain and usually involves an intracranial hemorrhage, such as a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), or several types of elevated intracranial pressure. The abrupt increase in intracranial pressure causes the condition, which is then communicated to the eyes through the optic nerve sheath.
The most common cause for bleeding into the subarachnoid space is a subarachnoid hemorrhage from a ruptured cerebral aneurysm. [ 3 ] The most frequently employed initial test for subarachnoid hemorrhage is a computed tomography scan of the head, but it detects only 98% of cases in the first 12 hours after the onset of symptoms, and becomes less ...
Trauma is the most common cause of intracranial hemorrhage. It can cause epidural hemorrhage, subdural hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Other condition such as hemorrhagic parenchymal contusion and cerebral microhemorrhages can also be caused by trauma. [3]
Subarachnoid hemorrhage approximately doubles mortality. [142] Subdural hematoma is associated with worse outcome and increased mortality, while people with epidural hematoma are expected to have a good outcome if they receive surgery quickly. [76] Diffuse axonal injury may be associated with coma when severe, and poor outcome. [10]
Intraparenchymal hemorrhage accounts for approximately 8-13% of all strokes and results from a wide spectrum of disorders. It is more likely to result in death or major disability than ischemic stroke or subarachnoid hemorrhage, and therefore constitutes an immediate medical emergency.
On the other hand, trauma, which generally originates from terminal vascular network, is a common cause of spinal cord hemorrhage for all four subtypes, namely haematomyelia, subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hemorrhage and epidural hemorrhage. [9] There is a correlation between anticoagulating drugs and hemorrhagic stroke. [9]
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), also known as intraventricular bleeding, is a bleeding into the brain's ventricular system, where the cerebrospinal fluid is produced and circulates through towards the subarachnoid space. It can result from physical trauma or from hemorrhagic stroke.