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The Wallace line or Wallace's line is a faunal boundary line drawn in 1859 by the British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace and named by the English biologist T.H. Huxley. It separates the biogeographical realms of Asia and ' Wallacea ', a transitional zone between Asia and Australia formerly also called the Malay Archipelago and the Indo ...
About 45,000 BC: first humans arrive in the islands of Southeast Asia, Papua New Guinea, and Australia via the now sunken Sundaland and Sahul land bridges. These migrations still required crossing expanses of water. They had no advanced watercraft technology, so it is presumed they crossed the Wallace Line via primitive floats or rafts.
Australia and Antarctica had begun rifting by 2] and completely separated a while after this, some believing as recently as 3] but most accepting presently that this had occurred by [ 4 ] The Australian plate later fused with the adjacent Indian plate beneath the Indian Ocean to form a single Indo-Australian plate .
The biographical division of the region is important for understanding the spread of both modern and archaic humans into the region. The Wallace Line represents a sea barrier that has persisted, as far as is known, even at the lowest sea levels of glacial maxima of the Pleistocene and the Holocene. Therefore we know when watercraft of some ...
This is a list of the oldest ships in the world which have survived to this day with exceptions to certain categories. The ships on the main list, which include warships, yachts, tall ships, and vessels recovered during archaeological excavations, all date to between 500 AD and 1918; earlier ships are covered in the list of surviving ancient ships.
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Howard Smith was the largest operator of tugboats in Australia, operating both in its own right and in partnerships. It also had operations in Bougainville and Suva.In June 1987, a 75% share (100% from December 1989) in salvage and ocean towing business North British Marine Group of Hull.
Wallacea is defined as the series of islands stretching between the two continental shelves of Sunda and Sahul, but excluding the Philippines.Its eastern border (separating Wallacea from Sahul) is represented by a zoogeographical boundary known as Lydekker's Line, while the Wallace Line (separating Wallacea from Sunda) defines its western border.