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Obstetrics is the field of study concentrated on pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. [1] As a medical specialty , obstetrics is combined with gynecology under the discipline known as obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN), which is a surgical field.
The obstetric history of a female who has had four pregnancies, one of which was a miscarriage before 20 weeks, would be noted in the GPA system as G 4 P 3 A 1 and in the GP system as G 4 P 3. The obstetric history of a female who has had one pregnancy of twins with successful outcomes would be noted as G 1 P 1+1. [16]
Obstetric care frequently subjects women to institutional routines, which may have adverse effects on the progress of labour. Supportive care during labour may involve emotional support, comfort measures, and information and advocacy which may promote the physical process of labour as well as women's feelings of control and competence, thus ...
The term, obstetrical dilemma, was coined in 1960, by Sherwood Larned Washburn, a prominent early American physical anthropologist, in order to describe the evolutionary development of the human pelvis and its relation to childbirth and pregnancy in hominids and non-human primates. [6]
Prolonged obstructed labour can lead to stillbirth, obstetric fistula, and maternal death. [19] Fetal death can be caused by asphyxia. [1] Obstructed labor is the leading cause of uterine rupture worldwide. [1] Maternal death can result from uterine rupture, complications during caesarean section, or sepsis. [18]
Obstetrics Postterm pregnancy is when a woman has not yet delivered her baby after 42 weeks of gestation , two weeks beyond the typical 40-week duration of pregnancy. [ 1 ] Postmature births carry risks for both the mother and the baby, including fetal malnutrition, meconium aspiration syndrome , and stillbirths . [ 2 ]
The use of this instrument for operative vaginal delivery dates back to the 1600's. Throughout history, over 700 types of forceps have been reinvented and gone through modifications to make sure forceps are safe in operative vaginal delivery. [28] Half of first-time mothers had forceps-assisted deliveries in the 1960s. [5]
] This was the start of the most popular design in the history of ultrasound scanners. Obstetric ultrasound has played a significant role in the development of diagnostic ultrasound technology in general. Much of the technological advances in diagnostic ultrasound technology are due to the drive to create better obstetric ultrasound equipment.