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  2. Insulated glazing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulated_glazing

    A sectioned diagram of a fixed insulating glass unit (IGU), indicating the numbering convention used in this article. Surface #1 is facing outside, surface #2 is the inside surface of the exterior pane, surface #3 is the outside surface of the interior pane, and surface #4 is the inside surface of interior pane.

  3. Window insulation film - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_insulation_film

    A European standard (EN 673) uses 20 °C difference between the inside and outside temperature which results in an optimal simulated gap width of about 17 mm for a standard double glazed window. A US standard (NFRC) uses a 39 °C difference which yields a smaller optimal gap width of about 13 mm.

  4. Thermal transmittance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_transmittance

    The difference in temperature between the inside and outside of the building is at least 5 °C (9.0 °F). The weather is cloudy rather than sunny (this makes accurate measurement of temperature easier). There is good thermal contact between the heat flux meter and the wall or roof being tested.

  5. R-value (insulation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-value_(insulation)

    R-value is the temperature difference per unit of heat flux needed to sustain one unit of heat flux between the warmer surface and colder surface of a barrier under steady-state conditions. The measure is therefore equally relevant for lowering energy bills for heating in the winter, for cooling in the summer, and for general comfort.

  6. Mullion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mullion

    A mullion is a vertical element that forms a division between units of a window or screen, or is used decoratively. [1] It is also often used as a division between double doors. When dividing adjacent window units its primary purpose is a rigid support to the glazing of the window.

  7. Daylight factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_factor

    The daylight factor can be improved by increasing SC (for example placing a window so it "sees" more of the sky rather than adjacent buildings), increasing ERC (for example by painting surrounding buildings white), increasing IRC (for example by using light colours for room surfaces).

  8. Cross ventilation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_ventilation

    Cross-breezes work when two windows are opposite of each other. Cross ventilation is a natural phenomenon where wind, fresh air or a breeze enters upon an opening, such as a window, and flows directly through the space and exits through an opening on the opposite side of the building (where the air pressure is lower).

  9. Stack effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_effect

    There is a pressure difference between the outside air and the air inside the building caused by the difference in temperature between the outside air and the inside air. That pressure difference ( ΔP) is the driving force for the stack effect and it can be calculated with the equations presented below. [10] [11] The equations apply only to ...