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Acute respiratory failure is a life-threatening condition with an array of causes. Nurses first identify patients at risk for acute respiratory failure and monitor closely for any signs of deconditioning. Maintaining the airway and applying oxygen is a priority.
Respiratory failure occurs when one of the gas-exchange functions—oxygenation or CO 2 elimination—fails. A wide range of conditions can lead to acute respiratory failure, including drug overdose, respiratory infection, and exacerbation of chronic respiratory or cardiac disease.
This article briefly reviews the physiologic components of respira-tion, differentiates the main types of respiratory failure, and discusses medical treatment and nursing care for patients with respiratory failure.
This review of reviews maps evidence-based practices (EBPs) that are associated with better outcomes among adult patients with acute respiratory failure or ARDS on the continuum of care, from intubation to liberation.
Learn about the principles of managing respiratory failure, including oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, bronchodilator therapy, and supportive care. Understand the role of nursing interventions in monitoring respiratory status and providing comprehensive care to patients.
Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that lead to acute respiratory failure usually require hospitalization. Understanding the pathophysiology of COPD and what leads to acute respiratory failure in these patients is important.
Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is defined as acute and progressive hypoxemia developing within hours, days, or up to a month caused by various respiratory, cardiovascular, or systemic disease in previously healthy patients.
The primary goal of management for patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure is to provide respiratory support to increase work of breathing. For patients who are candidates, NIV is typically the first-line therapy.
Acute respiratory failure results from acute or chronic impairment of gas exchange between the lungs and the blood causing hypoxia with or without hypercapnia. Patients may present with shortness of breath, anxiety, confusion, tachypnea, cardiac dysfunction, and cardiac arrest.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a progressive form of acute respiratory failure characterized by dyspnea, decreased pulmonary compliance, and hypoxemia. ARDS often develops after another illness or injury, such as sepsis, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, pneumonia, aspiration, smoke inhalation, near drowning, and severe trauma ...