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These cards (e.g., a JCL "JOB" card to start a new job) were often pre-punched in large quantities in advance. [1] This was especially useful when the main computer did not read the cards directly, but instead read their images from magnetic tape that was prepared offline by smaller computers such as the IBM 1401. After reading the cards in ...
Because punched card readers scan uniform rectangular holes in a precise arrangement, any damage to the physical card makes it unusable. In the 1950s and 1960s, when the use of punch cards became widespread, manufacturers printed a warning on each card reading "Do not fold, spindle or mutilate".
Cards would typically be punched with some initial information, such as the name and location of an inventory item. Information to be added, such as quantity of the item on hand, would be marked in the ovals. Card punches with an option to detect mark sense cards could then punch the corresponding information into the card.
An IBM 80-column punched card of the type most widely used in the 20th century IBM 1442 card reader/punch for 80 column cards. A computer punched card reader or just computer card reader is a computer input device used to read computer programs in either source or executable form and data from punched cards.
Remote work may make it easier for workers to balance their work responsibilities with their personal life and family roles such as caring for children or elderly parents. Remote work improves efficiency by reducing travel time, and reduces commuting time and time stuck in traffic congestion, improving quality of life. [59] [64]
A time clock, sometimes known as a clock card machine, punch clock, or time recorder, is a device that records start and end times for hourly employees (or those on flexi-time) at a place of business. In mechanical time clocks, this was accomplished by inserting a heavy paper card, called a time card, into a slot on the time clock.
Edge-notched cards were used for course scheduling in some high schools and colleges. [11] Keysort cards were also used in World War II codebreaking. The Stasi used edge-notched cards (German: Kerblochkarteikarten) from 1965 to index information including details of staff, crimes, people under surveillance, and vehicles. Cards often stored ...
Aperture cards are used for engineering drawings from all engineering disciplines. The U.S. Department of Defense once made extensive use of aperture cards, and some are still in use, but most data is now digital. [2] Information about the drawing, for example the drawing number, could be both punched and printed on the remainder of the card.