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For example, treatment of benzenediazonium chloride with benzene (an aromatic compound) in the presence of sodium hydroxide gives diphenyl: [C 6 H 5 N 2] + Cl − + C 6 H 6 → (C 6 H 5) 2 + N 2 + HCl. This reaction is known as the Gomberg–Bachmann reaction. A similar conversion is also achieved by treating benzenediazonium chloride with ...
This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.
The diazo group (N 2) can be replaced by many other groups, usually anions, giving a variety of substituted phenyl derivatives: . C 6 H 5 N 2 + + Nu − → C 6 H 5 Nu + N 2. These transformations are associated with many named reactions including the Schiemann reaction, Sandmeyer reaction, and Gomberg-Bachmann reaction.
More recently, trifluoromethylation of diazonium salts has been developed and is referred to as a 'Sandmeyer-type' reaction. Diazonium salts also react with boronates, iodide, thiols, water, hypophosphorous acid and others, [6] and fluorination can be carried out using tetrafluoroborate anions (Balz–Schiemann reaction). However, since these ...
The reaction proceeds by the free radical process, involving the intermediacy of free chlorine atoms. [4] Side products of the reaction include benzal chloride and benzotrichloride. Other methods of production exist, such as the Blanc chloromethylation of benzene. Benzyl chloride was first prepared from treatment of benzyl alcohol with ...
The case for S N 2 reactions is quite different, as the lack of solvation on the nucleophile increases the rate of an S N 2 reaction. In either case (S N 1 or S N 2), the ability to either stabilize the transition state (S N 1) or destabilize the reactant starting material (S N 2) acts to decrease the ΔG ‡ activation and thereby increase the ...
In this reaction primary aromatic amine is allowed to react with sodium nitrite and 2 moles of HCl, which is known as "ice cold mixture" because the temperature for the reaction was as low as 0.5 °C. The benzene diazonium salt is formed as major product alongside the byproducts water and sodium chloride.
In organic chemistry, an azo coupling is an reaction between a diazonium compound (R−N≡N +) and another aromatic compound that produces an azo compound (R−N=N−R’).In this electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, the aryldiazonium cation is the electrophile, and the activated carbon (usually from an arene, which is called coupling agent), serves as a nucleophile.