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positive punishment, punishment by application, or type I punishment, an experimenter punishes a response by presenting an aversive stimulus into the animal's surroundings (a brief electric shock, for example). negative punishment, punishment by removal, or type II punishment, a valued, appetitive stimulus is removed (as in the removal of a ...
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Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty and formerly called judicial homicide, [1] [2] is the state-sanctioned killing of a person as punishment for actual or supposed misconduct. [3] The sentence ordering that an offender be punished in such a manner is known as a death sentence , and the act of carrying out the sentence is known ...
Craig Haney is an American social psychologist and a professor at the University of California, Santa Cruz, noted for his work on the study of capital punishment and the psychological impact of imprisonment and prison isolation since the 1970s. [1] He was a researcher on The Stanford Prison Experiment.
Torture [a] is defined as the deliberate infliction of severe pain or suffering on someone under the control of the perpetrator. [2] [3] The treatment must be inflicted for a specific purpose, such as punishment and forcing the victim to confess or provide information.
In psychology, punishment is the reduction of a behavior via application of an unpleasant stimulus ("positive punishment") or removal of a pleasant stimulus ("negative punishment"). Extra chores or spanking are examples of positive punishment, while removing an offending student's recess or play privileges are examples of negative punishment.
The term is extended to administrators of severe physical punishment that is not prescribed to kill, but which may result in death. Executions in France (using the guillotine since the French Revolution ) persisted until 1977, and the French Republic had an official executioner; the last one, Marcel Chevalier , served until the formal abolition ...
Psychological punishments are punishments that aim to cause mental pain or discomfort in order to punish an individual. Psychological punishments are usually designed to cause discomfort or pain through creating negative emotions such as humiliation, shame and fear within an individual or by depriving the individual of sensory and/or social stimulation.