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The symbols D and T are sometimes used for deuterium and tritium; IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) accepts said symbols, but recommends the standard isotopic symbols 2 H and 3 H, to avoid confusion in alphabetic sorting of chemical formulas. [8] 1 H, with no neutrons, may be called protium to disambiguate. [9]
Deuterium. Deuterium (hydrogen-2, symbol 2H or D, also known as heavy hydrogen) is one of two stable isotopes of hydrogen; the other is protium, or hydrogen-1, 1 H. The deuterium nucleus, called a deuteron, contains one proton and one neutron, whereas the far more common 1 H has no neutrons. Deuterium has a natural abundance in Earth's oceans ...
Tritium (from Ancient Greek τρίτος (trítos) 'third') or hydrogen-3 (symbol T or 3 H) is a rare and radioactive isotope of hydrogen with half-life ~12.3 years. The tritium nucleus (t, sometimes called a triton) contains one proton and two neutrons, whereas the nucleus of the common isotope hydrogen-1 (protium) contains one proton and no neutrons, and that of non-radioactive hydrogen-2 ...
In the case of hydrogen, larger differences in chemical properties among protium, deuterium, and tritium occur because chemical bond energy depends on the reduced mass of the nucleus–electron system; this is altered in heavy-hydrogen compounds (hydrogen-deuterium oxide is the most common) more than for heavy-isotope substitution involving ...
This is most pronounced by far for protium (1 H), deuterium (2 H), and tritium (3 H), because deuterium has twice the mass of protium and tritium has three times the mass of protium. [32] These mass differences also affect the behavior of their respective chemical bonds, by changing the center of gravity (reduced mass) of the atomic systems ...
Deuterium (2 H) contains one neutron and one proton in its nucleus. Deuterium is stable, makes up 0.0156% of naturally occurring hydrogen, [2] and is used in industrial processes like nuclear reactors and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Tritium (3 H) contains two neutrons and one proton in its nucleus and is not stable, decaying with a half-life of ...
Hydrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol H and atomic number 1. It is the lightest element and, at standard conditions, is a gas of diatomic molecules with the formula H2, sometimes called dihydrogen, [ 11 ] but more commonly called hydrogen gas, molecular hydrogen or simply hydrogen. It is colorless, odorless, [ 12 ] non-toxic, and highly ...
Naturally occurring water is almost completely composed of the neutron-less hydrogen isotope protium. Only 155 ppm include deuterium (2 H or D), a hydrogen isotope with one neutron, and fewer than 20 parts per quintillion include tritium (3 H or T), which has two neutrons. Oxygen also has three stable isotopes, with 16 O present in 99.76%, 17 O ...