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  2. List of pharaohs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pharaohs

    Den was the first pharaoh to have a Nesut-biti(dual king) name, and is the first pharaoh attested wearing the double crown of upper and lower Egypt. [42] A second sed festival is attested from his reign, indicating he enjoyed a long time in power. [42]

  3. Pharaoh - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharaoh

    Pharaoh (/ ˈ f ɛər oʊ /, US also / ˈ f eɪ. r oʊ /; [3] Egyptian: pr ꜥꜣ; [note 1] Coptic: ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ, romanized: Pǝrro; Biblical Hebrew: פַּרְעֹה ‎ Parʿō) [4] is the vernacular term often used for the monarchs of ancient Egypt, who ruled from the First Dynasty (c. 3150 BCE) until the annexation of Egypt by the Roman Republic in 30 BCE. [5]

  4. Menes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menes

    Menes (fl. c. 3200–3000 BC; [1] / ˈmeɪneɪz /; Ancient Egyptian: mnj, probably pronounced * /maˈnij/; [6] Ancient Greek: Μήνης[5] and Μήν [7]) was a pharaoh of the Early Dynastic Period of ancient Egypt, credited by classical tradition with having united Upper and Lower Egypt, and as the founder of the First Dynasty. [8]

  5. First Dynasty of Egypt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt

    The First Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Dynasty I) [1] covers the first series of Egyptian kings to rule over a unified Egypt. It immediately follows the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, by Menes, or Narmer, [2] and marks the beginning of the Early Dynastic Period, when power was centered at Thinis. The date of this period is subject to ...

  6. Ancient Egyptian royal titulary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal...

    The Horus name is the oldest form of the pharaoh's name, originating in prehistoric Egypt. Many of the oldest-known Egyptian pharaohs were known only by this title. [6] The Horus name was usually written in a serekh, a representation of a palace façade. The name of the pharaoh was written in hieroglyphs inside this

  7. History of ancient Egypt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_ancient_Egypt

    The history of ancient Egypt spans the period from the early prehistoric settlements of the northern Nile valley to the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BC. The pharaonic period, the period in which Egypt was ruled by a pharaoh, is dated from the 32nd century BC, when Upper and Lower Egypt were unified, until the country fell under Macedonian rule in 332 BC.

  8. Narmer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmer

    The issue is confusing because "Narmer" is a Horus name while "Menes" is a Sedge and Bee name (personal or birth name). All of the King Lists which began to appear in the New Kingdom era list the personal names of the kings, and almost all begin with Menes, or begin with divine and/or semi-divine rulers, with Menes as the first "human king".

  9. Upper and Lower Egypt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_and_Lower_Egypt

    In Egyptian history, the Upper and Lower Egypt period (also known as The Two Lands) was the final stage of prehistoric Egypt and directly preceded the unification of the realm. The conception of Egypt as the Two Lands was an example of the dualism in ancient Egyptian culture and frequently appeared in texts and imagery, including in the titles ...