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They carried out a post-excavation of the discovery site without any further objects coming to light. Marstrander was able to ascertain that it was an exceptionally rich man's grave from the Viking Age, and took the objects back to Oslo. In May of the same year, Gjermundbo found another grave in the same mound.
Concubinage was also part of Viking society, whereby a woman could live with a man and have children with him without marrying; such a woman was called a frilla. [161] Usually she would be the mistress of a wealthy and powerful man who also had a wife. [156] The wife had authority over the mistresses if they lived in her household. [157]
In the absence of a police force, the clan was the primary force of security in Norse society, as the clansmen were obliged by honour to avenge one another. The Norse clan was not tied to a certain territory in the same way as a Scottish clan, where the chief owned the territory.
Viking landing at Dublin, 841, by James Ward (1851-1924). Knowledge about military technology of the Viking Age (late 8th to mid-11th century Europe) is based on relatively sparse archaeological finds, pictorial representations, and to some extent on the accounts in the Norse sagas and laws recorded in the 12th–14th centuries.
A description from 1600 speaks of the gallowglass as "pycked and seelected men of great and mightie bodies, crewell without compassion. The greatest force of the battell consisteth in them, chosinge rather to dye then to yeelde, so that when yt cometh to handy blowes they are quickly slayne or win the feilde".
The main symbol of the Viking Age is the Viking ship. Not only was it used as a war and trade vessel, it demonstrated true individual design and art. An example of this comes from a ship burial in Norway, near the sea at Oseberg. Over 70 feet long, it held the remains of two women and many precious objects that were probably removed by robbers ...
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Younger furthark runic calendar. Runic calendar from the Estonian island of Saaremaa with each month on a separate wooden board.. A Runic calendar (also Rune staff or Runic almanac) is a perpetual calendar, variants of which were used in Northern Europe until the 19th century.