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An orbital ring is a concept of an artificial ring placed around a body and set rotating at such a rate that the apparent centrifugal force is large enough to counteract the force of gravity. For the Earth , the required speed is on the order of 10 km/sec, compared to a typical low Earth orbit velocity of 8 km/sec.
A Bishop Ring [1] is a type of hypothetical rotating space habitat originally proposed in 1997 by Forrest Bishop of the Institute of Atomic-Scale Engineering. [2] The concept is a smaller scale version of the Banks Orbital , which itself is a smaller version of the Niven ring . [ 3 ]
An orbital ring is a dynamically elevated ring placed around the Earth that rotates at an angular rate that is faster than orbital velocity at that altitude, stationary platforms can be supported by the excess centripetal acceleration of the super-orbiting ring (similar in principle to a Launch loop), and ground-tethers can be supported from ...
One of the main types of habitats of the Culture, an orbital is a ring structure orbiting a star as would a megastructure akin to a bigger Bishop ring. Unlike a ringworld or a Dyson sphere, an orbital does not enclose the star (being much too small). Like a ringworld, the orbital rotates to provide an analog of gravity on the inner surface.
A Stanford torus interior (cutaway view) Interior view of a large scale O'Neill cylinder, showing alternating land and window stripes. A space settlement (also called a space habitat, space stead, space city or space colony) is a settlement in outer space, sustaining more extensively habitation facilities in space than a general space station or spacecraft.
In Iain M. Banks' fictional Culture universe, an Orbital is a purpose-built space habitat forming a ring typically around 3 million km (1.9 million miles) in diameter. The rotation of the ring simulates both gravity and a day-night cycle comparable to a planetary body orbiting a star.
2013: The Neill Blomkamp film Elysium has an enormous space station called Elysium (an open-roofed station 60 kilometres (37 mi) in diameter [9]) somewhere between a much-larger open-roofed Bishop Ring and a smaller, fully enclosed Stanford Torus.) The station in the movie supports a city and habitat for the privileged upper classes of Earth.
Stellaris received "generally favorable" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic. [48] A number of reviews emphasized the game's approachable interface and design, along with a highly immersive and almost RPG-like early game heavily influenced by the player's species design decisions, and also the novelty of the end-game crisis events.