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A chemical structure of a molecule is a spatial arrangement of its atoms and their chemical bonds. Its determination includes a chemist 's specifying the molecular geometry and, when feasible and necessary, the electronic structure of the target molecule or other solid.
Atoms are the basic particles of the chemical elements. An atom consists of a nucleus of protons and generally neutrons , surrounded by an electromagnetically bound swarm of electrons . The chemical elements are distinguished from each other by the number of protons that are in their atoms.
Skeletal structural formula of Vitamin B 12.Many organic molecules are too complicated to be specified by a molecular formula.. The structural formula of a chemical compound is a graphic representation of the molecular structure (determined by structural chemistry methods), showing how the atoms are possibly arranged in the real three-dimensional space.
Molecular geometry is determined by the quantum mechanical behavior of the electrons. Using the valence bond approximation this can be understood by the type of bonds between the atoms that make up the molecule. When atoms interact to form a chemical bond, the atomic orbitals of each atom are said to combine in a process called orbital ...
Electron atomic and molecular orbitals A Bohr diagram of lithium. In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure) in atomic or molecular orbitals. [1]
The determination of chemical structure include (mainly): for the gaseous state: gas electron diffraction [ 2 ] and microwave spectroscopy [ 3 ] for the liquid state: NMR spectroscopy [ 4 ] (note, obtaining precise structural information from liquids and solutions is still rather difficult compared to gases and crystalline solids)
AFM image of 1,5,9-trioxo-13-azatriangulene and its chemical structure. [3] A molecule is a group of two or more atoms that are held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions that satisfy this criterion.
Cations and anions are also typically discrete and can be depicted unambiguously. For simple structures, say <10 atoms, it is helpful to depict all atoms explicitly. For more complex molecules, most hydrogen atoms attached to carbon are omitted, and carbon atoms are represented by vertices. For ease of readability, sans-serif fonts are ...