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The first Russian partition took place in the late 17th century when the forced Treaty of Andrusovo signed in 1667 granted Russia the Commonwealth's territory in the Eastern Ukraine. [3] Under the Third Partition of Poland Russia acquired Courland, all Lithuanian territory east of the Nieman River, and the remaining parts of Volhynian Ukraine.
The Russian Partition (red), the Austrian Partition (green), and the Prussian Partition (blue) The Prussian Partition ( Polish : Zabór pruski ), or Prussian Poland , is the former territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth acquired during the Partitions of Poland , in the late 18th century by the Kingdom of Prussia . [ 1 ]
In English, the term "Partitions of Poland" is sometimes used geographically as toponymy, to mean the three parts that the partitioning powers divided the Commonwealth into, namely: the Austrian Partition, the Prussian Partition and the Russian Partition. In Polish, there are two separate words for the two meanings.
The insurgencies arose mainly in the Russian zone of partition to the east, about three-quarters of which was formerly Polish territory. After the Congress of Vienna, Russia had organized its Polish lands as the Congress Poland , granting it a quite liberal constitution , its own army, and limited autonomy within the tsarist empire.
At the same time he built up Prussia's military power and participated in the First Partition of Poland with Austria and Russia in 1772, an act that geographically connected the Brandenburg territories with those of Prussia proper. The partition also added Polish Royal Prussia to the kingdom, allowing Frederick to re-style himself King of Prussia.
Following the partitions, the Prussian authorities started the policy of settling German speaking ethnic groups in these areas. Frederick the Great, in an effort to populate his sparsely populated kingdom, settled around 300,000 colonists in all provinces of Prussia, most of which were of a German ethnic background, and aimed at a removal of the Polish nobility, which he treated with contempt.
Prussia had acquired the City of Danzig in the course of the Second Partition of Poland in 1793. After the defeat of King Frederick William III of Prussia at the 1806 Battle of Jena–Auerstedt , according to the Franco-Prussian Treaty of Tilsit of 9 July 1807, the territory of the free state was carved out from lands that made up part of the ...
The Partitions of Poland carried out by Russia, Prussia, and Austria in 1772, 1793, and 1795. Later: Russian expansion to the area north of the Caucasus is not covered in this article. In 1792, the Russian frontier reached the Dniester (Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792). In 1793, the Ukrainian Right Bank was annexed by the Second Partition of Poland.