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The Russian Partition (red), the Austrian Partition (green), and the Prussian Partition (blue) The Prussian Partition ( Polish : Zabór pruski ), or Prussian Poland , is the former territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth acquired during the Partitions of Poland , in the late 18th century by the Kingdom of Prussia . [ 1 ]
The first Russian partition took place in the late 17th century when the forced Treaty of Andrusovo signed in 1667 granted Russia the Commonwealth's territory in the Eastern Ukraine. [3] Under the Third Partition of Poland Russia acquired Courland, all Lithuanian territory east of the Nieman River, and the remaining parts of Volhynian Ukraine.
In English, the term "Partitions of Poland" is sometimes used geographically as toponymy, to mean the three parts that the partitioning powers divided the Commonwealth into, namely: the Austrian Partition, the Prussian Partition and the Russian Partition. In Polish, there are two separate words for the two meanings.
A 1773 map of northwestern America based on reports from Russian explorers. The earliest written accounts indicate that the Eurasian Russians were the first Europeans to reach Alaska. There is an unofficial assumption that Eurasian Slavic navigators reached the coast of Alaska long before the 18th century.
At the same time he built up Prussia's military power and participated in the First Partition of Poland with Austria and Russia in 1772, an act that geographically connected the Brandenburg territories with those of Prussia proper. The partition also added Polish Royal Prussia to the kingdom, allowing Frederick to re-style himself King of Prussia.
In the second partition, Prussia had received 58,000 km 2 and about 1 million people. In the third, similar to the second, Prussia gained 55,000 km 2 and 1 million people. Overall, Prussia had gained about 20 percent of the former Commonwealth territory (149 000 km 2) and about 23 percent of the population (2.6 million people). [1]
In the first partition, Austria received the largest share of the formerly Polish population, and the second largest land share (83,000 square kilometres (32,000 sq mi) and over 2.65 million people). Austria did not participate in the second partition, and in the third, it received 47,000 square kilometres (18,000 sq mi) with 1.2 million people.
The borders of Poland resembled the borders of the German-Russian gains in World War 2, with the exception of the city of Bialystok. This is called the Curzon line. The small area of Trans-Olza, which had been annexed by Poland in late 1938, was returned to Czechoslovakia on Stalin's orders. [citation needed]