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In linguistics, the term near-native speakers is used to describe speakers who have achieved "levels of proficiency that cannot be distinguished from native levels in everyday spoken communication and only become apparent through detailed linguistic analyses" [1] (p. 484) in their second language or foreign languages. Analysis of native and ...
Language proficiency is the ability of an individual to use ... native-level fluency was estimated to require a lexicon between 20,000 and 40,000 words, but basic ...
The term linguistic performance was used by Noam Chomsky in 1960 to describe "the actual use of language in concrete situations". [1] It is used to describe both the production , sometimes called parole , as well as the comprehension of language. [ 2 ]
In general, results of studies have reported superior performance among bilingual and multilingual individuals. Furthermore, among bilingual individuals, one's level of proficiency in one's second language was also reported to influence auditory processing abilities.
The G-TELP Level Test consists of 5 levels from Level One, the highest level, Level Five, the lowest. By focusing on a specific level of proficiency, each test achieves more extensive sampling of performance than a single test which assesses multiple levels.
It is the standard grading scale for language proficiency in the United States's federal-level service. It was originally developed by the Interagency Language Roundtable (ILR), which included representatives of the U.S. Foreign Service Institute , based at the National Foreign Affairs Training Center (NFATC).
Equal proficiency in a bilingual individuals' languages is rarely seen as it typically varies by domain. [6] For example, a bilingual individual may have greater proficiency for work-related terms in one language, and family-related terms in another language. [4] Being bilingual has been linked to a number of cognitive benefits. [7]
Language is taught to a level of certain academic competencies, further referred to as academic knowledge (AK): 1) grammatical competence to include proper use of grammar, extensive vocabulary knowledge, and appropriate pronunciation, 2) sociolinguistic competence, which is the proper use of words and grammar depending on social situations and ...