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An eau de vie [A] (French for spirit, [1] lit. ' water of life ') is a clear, colourless fruit brandy that is produced by means of fermentation and double distillation. The fruit flavor is typically very light. In English-speaking countries, eau de vie refers to a distilled beverage made from fruit other than grapes. Similar terms may be local ...
Eau de toilette (French: [o d(ə) twalɛt], meaning "grooming water") [n 1] is a lightly scented perfume. [2] It is also referred to as aromatic waters and has a high alcohol content. [ 3 ] It is usually applied directly to the skin after bathing or shaving. [ 4 ]
nom de plume a "back-translation" from the English "pen name": author's pseudonym. Although now used in French as well, the term was coined in English by analogy with nom de guerre. nonpareil Unequalled, unrivalled; unparalleled; unique the modern French equivalent of this expression is sans pareil (literally "without equal").
The original Eau de Cologne is a spirit-citrus perfume launched in Cologne in 1709 by Giovanni Maria Farina (1685–1766), an Italian perfume maker from Santa Maria Maggiore, Valle Vigezzo. In 1708, Farina wrote to his brother Jean Baptiste: "I have found a fragrance that reminds me of an Italian spring morning, of mountain daffodils and orange ...
Eau de parfum (EdP) or Parfum de toilette (PdT): 10–20% aromatic compounds (typically ~15%). It is sometimes called "eau de perfume" or "millésime." [citation needed] Parfum de toilette is a less common term, most popular in the 1980s, that is generally analogous to eau de parfum. Eau de toilette (EdT): 5–15% aromatic compounds (typically ...
4711 Eau de Cologne. 4711 is a traditional German Eau de Cologne by Mäurer & Wirtz.Because it has been produced in Cologne since at least 1799, it is allowed to use the geographical indication Original Eau de Cologne.
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Saint Elisabeth of Hungary is sometimes reputed to have ordered the first modern perfume in Europe, called 'Hungary water'.. Hungary water (sometimes called "the Queen of Hungary's Water", [1] Eau de la Reine de Hongary, [2] or "spirits of rosemary" [2]) was one of the first alcohol-based perfumes in Europe, primarily made with rosemary. [2]