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The Spanish Netherlands (Spanish: Países Bajos Españoles; Dutch: Spaanse Nederlanden; French: Pays-Bas espagnols; German: Spanische Niederlande) (historically in Spanish: Flandes, the name "Flanders" was used as a pars pro toto) [4] was the Habsburg Netherlands ruled by the Spanish branch of the Habsburgs from 1556 to 1714.
The Eighty Years' War [i] or Dutch Revolt (Dutch: Nederlandse Opstand) (c. 1566/1568–1648) [j] was an armed conflict in the Habsburg Netherlands [k] between disparate groups of rebels and the Spanish government.
The period between the start of the Beeldenstorm in August 1566 until early 1572 (before the Capture of Brielle on 1 April 1572) contained the first events of a series that would later be known as the Eighty Years' War between the Spanish Empire and disparate groups of rebels in the Habsburg Netherlands.
Aetas Ferrea.This engraving by Hans Collaert likens the devastation caused by the war to the Iron Age of Greek mythology.. The success of the Dutch Republic in its struggle to get away from the Spanish Crown had damaged Spain's Reputación, a concept that, according to Olivares' biographer J. H. Elliot, [5] strongly motivated that statesman.
Scholars have somewhat differing views on the periodisation of this phase of the Eighty Years' War. Whereas Encarta Winkler Prins (2002) subsumed the 1579–1588 years into its larger "Second period: the rupture (1576–1588)", [11] and Mulder et al. (2008) into their even longer "The North on the way to autonomy, 1573–1588" period, [12] Groenveld (2009) regarded 1575/6–1579 as a separate ...
The first fifty years (1568 through 1618) were a war solely between Catholic Spain and the Protestant rebels of the Netherlands. It was a military conflict with integral religious elements. During the last thirty years (1618–1648) the conflict between Spain and the Netherlands was submerged in the general European War that became known as the ...
There are also two light rail networks in the Netherlands. They all run on standard gauge, 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) track, and use overhead wires electrified at 750 V DC. Utrecht sneltram (operated by U-OV - Qbuzz), with lines connecting Utrecht Centraal railway station to Nieuwegein, IJsselstein and Uithof
Railway network in the Netherlands, 2017. There are currently 401 railway stations in the Netherlands [1] including four which are used only during special events and one which serves the National Railway Museum only. NS Stations is the body which manages and owns all railway stations in the Netherlands. [2]