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T = mean atmospheric temperature in kelvins = 250 K [4] for Earth m = mean mass of a molecule M = mean molar mass of atmospheric particles = 0.029 kg/mol for Earth g = acceleration due to gravity at the current location. The pressure (force per unit area) at a given altitude is a result of the weight of the overlying atmosphere.
The following formula approximates the Earth's gravity variation with altitude: = (+) where g h is the gravitational acceleration at height h above sea level. R e is the Earth's mean radius. g 0 is the standard gravitational acceleration.
Earth radius (denoted as R 🜨 or R E) is the distance from the center of Earth to a point on or near its surface. Approximating the figure of Earth by an Earth spheroid (an oblate ellipsoid), the radius ranges from a maximum (equatorial radius, denoted a) of nearly 6,378 km (3,963 mi) to a minimum (polar radius, denoted b) of nearly 6,357 km (3,950 mi).
Geopotential height or geopotential altitude is a vertical coordinate referenced to Earth's mean sea level (assumed zero geopotential) that represents the work involved in lifting one unit of mass over one unit of length through a hypothetical space in which the acceleration of gravity is assumed constant. [1]
Geocentric circular orbit with an altitude of 35,786 km (22,236 mi). The period of the orbit equals one sidereal day, coinciding with the rotation period of the Earth. The speed is approximately 3 km/s (9,800 ft/s). High Earth orbit (HEO) Geocentric orbits with altitudes at apogee higher than that of the geosynchronous orbit. A special case of ...
Within the stratosphere is the ozone layer, a component that partially shields the surface from ultraviolet light and thus is important for life on Earth. The Kármán line, defined as 100 km (62 mi) above Earth's surface, is a working definition for the boundary between the atmosphere and outer space. [236]
rad/s is the diurnal angular speed of the Earth axis, and km the radius of the reference sphere, and the distance of the point on the Earth crust to the Earth axis. [ 3 ] For the mass attraction effect by itself, the gravitational acceleration at the equator is about 0.18% less than that at the poles due to being located farther from the ...
In aviation, the term elevation or aerodrome elevation is defined by the ICAO as the highest point of the landing area. It is often measured in feet and can be found in approach charts of the aerodrome. It is not to be confused with terms such as the altitude or height. [1] Part of a topographic map of Haleakala , showing elevation.