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Astana, [a] formerly known as Nur-Sultan, Akmolinsk, Tselinograd, and Akmola, [15] is the capital and the second-largest city of Kazakhstan with a population of 1,350,228 within the city limits after Almaty, which had been the capital until 1997. [16]
It became the capital of Kazakhstan in 1997, and was renamed Astana ("capital city") in 1998. From 2019 to 2022, the city was known as Nur-Sultan in honor of Nursultan Nazarbayev, the country's first president.
Nur sultan can be literally translated as "radiant sultan", "the sultan of sunlight" in Arabic. Nur-Sultan (Kazakh: Нұр-Сұлтан, Nūr-Sūltan) was the name of the capital of Kazakhstan from 2019 to 2022, the city is currently known as Astana.
On 20 March 2019, after Nazarbayev's resignation, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev proposed renaming the capital Astana to Nur-Sultan [227] in honor of Nazarbayev. The Parliament of Kazakhstan officially voted in favour of the renaming. [228] However, Kazakhstan changed the name of the capital from Nur-Sultan back to Astana in September 2022. [229]
In 1997, the government moved the capital to Astana, renamed Nur-Sultan on 23 March 2019, [48] from Almaty, Kazakhstan's largest city, where it had been established under the Soviet Union. [49] Elections to the Majilis in September 2004, yielded a lower house dominated by the pro-government Otan Party, headed by President Nazarbayev.
Nursultan Nazarbayev International Airport [a] (IATA: NQZ, ICAO: UACC), alternatively referred by its previous name as Astana International Airport until 2017 (or simply Astana Airport), is the international airport serving Astana, Kazakhstan, the capital and second most populous city in the country.
Astana-1 formerly Nur-Sultan-1, is a railway station in Astana, Kazakhstan.The original station can handle 7,000 travellers a day, as part of the infrastructure build up to Expo 2017 a new station, Astana-Nurly Zhol, is located near Mynzhyldyk Alley with a new capacity of 12,000.
A scene in a music video by Kazakhstani rap group Irina Kairatovna features a man in a suit, meant to be a politician, handing a Lego set labeled "Nur-Sultan LRT" to a child, only for it to contain unfinished concrete pillars.