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The WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system is a World Health Organization Blue Book that defines, describes and classifies tumours of the central nervous system (CNS). Currently, as of 2023, clinicians are using the 5th edition, which incorporates recent advances in molecular pathology. [ 1 ]
The WHO Classification of Tumours, more commonly known as the WHO Blue Books, is a series of books that classify tumours.They are compiled by expert consensus and published by the World Health Organization's (WHO) International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).
The concept of grading of the tumors of the central nervous system, agreeing for such the regulation of the "progressiveness" of these neoplasias (from benign and localized tumors to malignant and infiltrating tumors), dates back to 1926 and was introduced by P. Bailey and H. Cushing, [1] in the elaboration of what turned out the first systematic classification of gliomas.
Diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3G34 mutant (DHG) is a rare, high-grade, infiltrative WHO grade 4 brain tumor most often found in adolescents and young adults. [1] [2] The majority are found in the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. [3]
The current (5th) edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System classifies embryonal tumor of the central nervous system into six subtypes: medulloblastoma, cribiform neuroepithelial tumor, embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes, CNS neuroblastoma, FOXR2-activated, CNS tumor with BCOR internal tandem duplication, and CNS embryonal tumor. [1]
The most common brain tumor types in children (0–14) are: pilocytic astrocytoma, malignant glioma, medulloblastoma, neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumors, and ependymoma. [106] In children under 2, about 70% of brain tumors are medulloblastomas, ependymomas, and low-grade gliomas.
The 2007 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System [37] was the last classification mainly based on microscopy features. The new 2016 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System [38] was a paradigm shift: some of the tumors were defined also by their genetic composition as well as their cell morphology.
Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour (DNT, DNET) is a type of brain tumor.Most commonly found in the temporal lobe, DNTs have been classified as benign tumours. [1] These are glioneuronal tumours comprising both glial and neuron cells and often have ties to focal cortical dysplasia.
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