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The WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system is a World Health Organization Blue Book that defines, describes and classifies tumours of the central nervous system (CNS). Currently, as of 2023, clinicians are using the 5th edition, which incorporates recent advances in molecular pathology. [ 1 ]
A brain tumor (sometimes referred more commonly as brain cancer) occurs when a group of cells within the brain turn cancerous and grow out of control, creating a mass. There are two main types of tumors : malignant (cancerous) tumors and benign (non-cancerous) tumors. [ 2 ]
The concept of grading of the tumors of the central nervous system, agreeing for such the regulation of the "progressiveness" of these neoplasias (from benign and localized tumors to malignant and infiltrating tumors), dates back to 1926 and was introduced by P. Bailey and H. Cushing, [1] in the elaboration of what turned out the first systematic classification of gliomas.
The WHO Classification of Tumours, more commonly known as the WHO Blue Books, is a series of books that classify tumours.They are compiled by expert consensus and published by the World Health Organization's (WHO) International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).
The current (5th) edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System classifies embryonal tumor of the central nervous system into six subtypes: medulloblastoma, cribiform neuroepithelial tumor, embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes, CNS neuroblastoma, FOXR2-activated, CNS tumor with BCOR internal tandem duplication, and CNS embryonal tumor. [1]
The 2007 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System [37] was the last classification mainly based on microscopy features. The new 2016 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System [38] was a paradigm shift: some of the tumors were defined also by their genetic composition as well as their cell morphology.
In children aged 0–14 years, the most common brain tumors are pilocytic astrocytomas (17.5%), embryonal tumors (15.7%), and malignant gliomas (25.7%). [15] The overall incidence rate of brain tumors in children is 6.2 per 100,000. [9] The distribution and behavior of nervous system neoplasms differ significantly between adults and children.
It is important to note that this classification term has been removed from the latest WHO classification of CNS tumors as of 2016. Instead PNETs are now included into the category of "Embryonal Tumors with Multilayered Rosettes" along with ependymoblastoma and embryonal tumor with abundant neuropil and true rosettes (ETANTR). [5]
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