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An entry in the Oxford English Dictionary (2008) defines racialism as "[a]n earlier term than racism, but now largely superseded by it", and cites the term "racialism" in a 1902 quote. [19] The revised Oxford English Dictionary cites the shorter term "racism" in a quote from the year 1903. [20]
Kennedy Mitchum is a modern-day agent of change. Thanks to the relatively unknown young black woman, racism has a new definition in the dictionary. The Florissant, Mo., native took matters into ...
Kennedy Mitchum expected little in return after emailing Merriam- Webster about its standing definition of the word racism. The 22-year-old was surprised to receive a response from the editor of ...
Merriam-Webster's decision to revise the definition of racism raises long-standing questions about the politics of dictionaries.
An important characteristic of the so-called 'new racism', 'cultural racism' or 'differential racism' is the fact that it essentialises ethnicity and religion, and traps people in supposedly immutable reference categories, as if they are incapable of adapting to a new reality or changing their identity.
Anthropologist Jane H. Hill argues that charges of reverse racism tend to deny the existence of white privilege and power in society. [46] Linguist Mary Bucholtz says the concept of reverse racism, which she calls racial reversal, "runs counter to or ignores empirically observable racial asymmetries regarding material resources and structural ...
Institutional racism, also known as systemic racism, is a form of institutional discrimination based on race or ethnic group and can include policies and practices that exist throughout a whole society or organization that result in and support a continued unfair advantage to some people and unfair or harmful treatment of others.
Internalized racism is a form of internalized oppression, defined by sociologist Karen D. Pyke as the "internalization of racial oppression by the racially subordinated." [1] In her study The Psychology of Racism, Robin Nicole Johnson emphasizes that internalized racism involves both "conscious and unconscious acceptance of a racial hierarchy in which a presumed superior race are consistently ...