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It is likely that other species from their homeland were also brought, but did not survive the journey or thrive on arrival. [17] In the last few decades, mitochondrial-DNA (mtDNA) research has allowed an estimate to be made of the number of women in the founding population, of between 50 and 100. [18] [19]
Cultural performance of waiata (song), haka (dance), tauparapara (chants) and mōteatea (poetry) are used by Māori to express and pass on knowledge and understanding about history, communities, and relationships. [133] Kapa haka is a Māori performance art [134] believed to have originated with the legendary figure Tinirau.
Many Māori served in the Second World War and learned how to cope in the modern urban world; others moved from their rural homes to the cities to take up jobs vacated by Pākehā servicemen. [180] The shift to the cities was also caused by their strong birth rates in the early 20th century, with the existing rural farms in Māori ownership ...
This culture made it easier for Taranaki Māori invaders to massacre them in the 1830s during the Musket Wars. This was the Moriori genocide , in which the Moriori were either murdered or enslaved by members of the Ngāti Mutunga and Ngāti Tama iwi, [ 17 ] killing or displacing nearly 95% of the Moriori population.
Māori cultural history intertwines inextricably with the culture of Polynesia as a whole. The New Zealand archipelago forms the southwestern corner of the Polynesian Triangle, a major part of the Pacific Ocean with three island groups at its corners: the Hawaiian Islands, Rapa Nui (Easter Island), and New Zealand (Aotearoa in te reo Māori). [10]
According to Māori oral history, kūmara were not on board the original canoes that settled New Zealand, but were introduced following multiple return voyages into the Pacific. [24] Kūmara were traditionally grown as far south as Banks Peninsula. This is approximately 1,000 km further south than kūmara had been grown anywhere else in the ...
Both categories merge in whakapapa to explain the overall origin of the Māori and their connections to the world which they lived in. The Māori did not have a writing system before European contact, beginning in 1769, [ 1 ] therefore they relied on oral retellings and recitations memorised from generation to generation.
Edward Tregear's The Aryan Maori (1885) suggested that Aryans from India migrated to southeast Asia and thence to the islands of the Pacific, including New Zealand. [ 33 ] Two works published in 1915, Percy Smith 's book The Lore of the Whare-wānanga: Part II and Elsdon Best 's journal article "Maori and Maruiwi" in the Transactions of the New ...