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The erector spinae (/ ɪ ˈ r ɛ k t ər ˈ s p aɪ n i / irr-EK-tər SPY-nee) [1] or spinal erectors is a set of muscles that straighten and rotate the back.The spinal erectors work together with the glutes (gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and gluteus minimus) to maintain stable posture standing or sitting.
The thoracolumbar fascia (lumbodorsal fascia or thoracodorsal fascia) is a complex, [1]: 1137 multilayer arrangement of fascial and aponeurotic layers forming a separation between the paraspinal muscles on one side, and the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall (quadratus lumborum, and psoas major [1]: 1137 ) on the other.
The posterior layer is thick, being reinforced by the aponeurosis (origin) of the latissimus dorsi muscle. [1]: 274 It consists of a superficial lamina derived primarily from the latissimus dorsi and serratus posterior inferior, and a deeper lamina which forms a retinacular sheet encapsulating the paraspinal muscles. [3]
Paraspinal inhibition is an osteopathic manipulative technique in which the fascia around the spine is softened with one's hands in order to decrease the sympathetic ...
Clinically, limb muscles show fatigue with repetitive movements. [5] Paraspinous muscles undergo fat infiltration. Electromyography may be used as well in diagnosis. On average, the paraspinous muscles of affected individuals were found to be 75% myopathic, while limb muscles were 50% percent myopathic. [5]
L5 supplies many muscles, either directly or through nerves originating from L5. They are not innervated with L5 as single origin, but partly by L5 and partly by other spinal nerves. The muscles are: gluteus maximus muscle mainly S1; gluteus medius muscle; gluteus minimus muscle; tensor fasciae latae; tibialis anterior; tibialis posterior
The multifidus (multifidus spinae; pl.: multifidi) muscle consists of a number of fleshy and tendinous fasciculi, which fill up the groove on either side of the spinous processes of the vertebrae, from the sacrum to the axis. While very thin, the multifidus muscle plays an important role in stabilizing the joints within the spine.
In laminectomy, the paraspinal muscles are dissected off the spine bilaterally, that is on the left and right sides of the spinal column. The lamina and spinous process are then removed to gain access to the nerves contained within the spinal canal.