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A marine loading arm, also known as a mechanical loading arm, loading arm, or MLA is a mechanical arm consisting of articulated steel pipes that connect a tankship such as an oil tanker or chemical tanker to a cargo terminal. Genericized trademarks such as Chiksan (often misspelled Chicksan) are often used to refer to marine loading arms. [2] [3]
Bottom loading arms. Top loading arms are used to load or unload road or rail tankers.Loading or unloading is done through the manhole on the top of the tanker. Top loading arms can also be used for tight-fill, vapor recovery, marine and other applications when used with specially designed and engineered components, such as vapor plates, tapered hatch plugs, and inflatable hatch seals. [1]
CK – choke (a restriction in a flowline or a system, usually referring to a production choke during a test or the choke in the well control system) CL – core log; CLG – core log and graph; CM – choke module; CMC – crown mounted compensators; CMC – critical micelle concentration; CMP – common midpoint (geophysics)
Marine Transfer Operations are conducted at many ports around the world between tanker ships, barges, and marine terminals. Specifically, once the marine vessel is secure at the dock a loading arm or transfer hose is connected between a valve header on the dock and the manifold header on the vessel.
Terminal facilities include jetties and piers with articulated loading/unloading arms [5] for transferring LNG between ship and shore. It also includes the piping used to transport LNG between the loading arms and the storage and processing facilities at the terminal. LNG is kept at about −162 °C (−260 °F) to maintain it in a liquid state.
Block diagram of control system. In the beginning PID controllers were used and today are still used in the simpler DP systems. But modern controllers use a mathematical model of the ship that is based on a hydrodynamic and aerodynamic description concerning some of the ship's characteristics such as mass and drag. Of course, this model is not ...
The MACS3 Loading Computer System is a computer controlled loading system for commercial vessels, developed by Navis Carrier & Vessel Solutions. [1] Prior to October, 2017 it was offered by Interschalt maritime systems GmbH, and before 2007 - by Seacos Computersysteme & Software GmbH.
Each arm must be rotated out manually; uses manila rope falls. Goose-neck shape to the arm that is swung out. [6] Mechanical (obsolete) – This type is like the radial davit, but both arms are moved out at the same time using a screw system; uses manila rope falls. An example is the Welin Quadrant davit type used on RMS Titanic. [6]
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