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The spread of MIDI on home computers was largely facilitated by Roland Corporation's MPU-401, released in 1984, as the first MIDI-equipped sound card, capable of MIDI sound processing [42] and sequencing. [43] [44] After Roland sold MPU sound chips to other sound card manufacturers, [42] it established a universal standard MIDI-to-PC interface ...
If a MIDI file is programmed to the General MIDI protocol, then the results are predictable, but timbre and sound fidelity may vary depending on the quality of the GM synthesizer. The General MIDI standard includes 47 percussive sounds, using note numbers 35-81 (of the possible 128 numbers from 0–127), as follows: [ 3 ]
These sound effects cannot be heard on an MT-32. Early models share a similar design to MT-32 (New). Control CPU is an Intel P8098 and DAC is a Burr-Brown PCM54. Roland CM-32L: Released in 1989, this Roland CM has only a volume knob, a MIDI message and a power-on indicator as external controls.
General MIDI Level 2 or GM2 is a specification for synthesizers which defines several requirements beyond the more abstract MIDI ... A collection of sound effects
"Roland Sound Cards". Archived from the original on December 25, 2010 . Retrieved September 28, 2010 . , an extensive guide to various models and their capabilities
Roland GS, or just GS, sometimes expanded as General Standard [1] [2] or General Sound, [1] is a MIDI specification. It requires that all GS-compatible equipment must meet a certain set of features and it documents interpretations of some MIDI commands and bytes sequences, thus defining instrument tones, controllers for sound effects, etc.
Yamaha FB-01 MIDI Expander, IBM Music Feature Card, MSX (Yamaha CX5M and SFG-05), Korg DS-8 and 707 digital synthesizers: Based on Yamaha YM2151 (OPM) [66] [33] [62] Yamaha YM3812 (a.k.a. OPL2) 1985 18 9 2 Sound cards for PC (including AdLib and early Sound Blaster cards), Yamaha Portasound keyboards (PSR and PSS series) Silicon-gate CMOS LSI ...
MIDI transmits which notes are played, their duration, and often velocity (how hard a key is pressed). Keyboards translate key pressure into MIDI velocity data, which controls the loudness of the generated sound. MIDI data can also be used to add digital effects to the sounds played, such as reverb, chorus, delay and tremolo. These effects are ...
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