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A water wheel in Erlangen, Germany The reversible water wheel powering a mine hoist in De re metallica (Georgius Agricola, 1566) The sound of the Otley waterwheel, at Manchester Museum of Science and Industry. A water wheel is a machine for converting the kinetic energy of flowing or falling water into useful forms of power, often in a watermill.
These include all three variants of the vertical water wheel as well as the horizontal water wheel. [6] Apart from its main use in grinding flour, water-power was also applied to pounding grain, [7] crushing ore, [8] sawing stones [9] and possibly fulling and bellows for iron furnaces. [10]
A satellite image of circular fields characteristic of center pivot irrigation, Kansas Farmland with circular pivot irrigation. Center-pivot irrigation (sometimes called central pivot irrigation), also called water-wheel and circle irrigation, is a method of crop irrigation in which equipment rotates around a pivot and crops are watered with sprinklers.
Dellingers Mill, Bakersville, seasonally operational, water powered, 1867; Emmett Isaacs Mill, Surry County; Gwynn Valley Mill, Brevard; Linneys Mill, Alexander County, 1902; Mingus Mill, Cherokee; Old Mill of Guilford, Oak Ridge. Fully operational water-powered grist mill. Founded in 1767, moved 500 feet downstream to current location in 1819.
Most of these were corn mills (to grind flour), but almost any industrial process needing motive power, beyond that available from the muscles of men or animals, used a water wheel, unless a windmill was preferred. Today only a fraction of these mills survive. Many are used as private residences, or have been converted into offices or flats.
Water wheel used for irrigation in Nubia, painted by David Roberts in 1838. Paddle-driven water-lifting wheels had appeared in ancient Egypt by the 4th century BCE. [25] According to John Peter Oleson, both the compartmented wheel and the hydraulic noria appeared in Egypt by the 4th century BCE, with the saqiya being invented there a century later.
Dethridge wheel in 1936 – Victoria Australia. The Dethridge wheel is an irrigation tool that was invented in 1910 by John Stewart Dethridge (1865–1926). [1] It works in a similar way to a traditional water wheel and rotates as water passes through its vanes.
Pelton patented his wheel as well as his novel design of the double cup runner, and in 1888 formed the Pelton Water Wheel Company in San Francisco to supply the growing demand for hydropower and hydroelectricity throughout the West and world-wide. [6] 'Pelton' is a trademark name for the products of that company, but the term is widely used ...
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