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The TORRO tornado intensity scale (or T-Scale) is a scale measuring tornado intensity between T0 and T11. It was proposed by Terence Meaden of the Tornado and Storm Research Organisation (TORRO) , a meteorological organisation in the United Kingdom , as an extension of the Beaufort scale .
This work has led to the creation of the Fujita scale (F-scale) in 1971 and the TORRO scale in 1975. However, the original Fujita scale lacked the incorporation of diverse empirical damage to estimate wind speeds, such as construction quality; to address this, the Enhanced Fujita scale (EF-scale) was created in 2007, followed by the ...
The TORRO scale, created by the Tornado and Storm Research Organization (TORRO), was developed in 1974 and published a year later. The TORRO scale has 12 levels, which cover a broader range with tighter graduations. It ranges from a T0 for extremely weak tornadoes to T11 for the most powerful known tornadoes.
TORRO has also developed a hailstorm intensity scale. [1] TORRO publishes the semi-professional periodical the International Journal of Meteorology (IJMet) which is composed of a mixture of academic and amateur articles. TORRO tornado watches and warnings are now released to the public via the TORRO forecast page, the TORRO forum, the TORRO ...
Receiving the unique T11 rating on the TORRO scale along with an F5 rating on the Fujita scale and had winds estimated to be at least 480 kilometres per hour (300 mph). [3] [4] [1] The tornado traveled 30 kilometres (19 mi) and reached a maximum width of 900 metres (980 yd).
Just before midnight on Wednesday, November 1, 2023, a tornado impacted the Isle of Jersey in the Channel Islands, a crown dependency of the United Kingdom. [1] Associated with powerful extratropical cyclone Storm Ciaran, the tornado was subsequently rated T6 on the TORRO scale or IF3 on the International Fujita Scale, which is broadly analogous to the Enhanced Fujita Scale commonly used in ...
The Enhanced Fujita scale is used predominantly in North America. Most of Europe, on the other hand, uses the TORRO tornado intensity scale (or T-Scale), which ranks tornado intensity between T0 and T11; F4/EF4 tornadoes are approximately equivalent to T8 to T9 on the T-Scale. Tornadoes rated IF4 on the International Fujita scale are also ...
The Enhanced Fujita scale (abbreviated as EF-Scale) is a scale that rates tornado intensity based on the severity of the damage they cause. It is used in some countries, including the United States and France. [1] The EF scale is also unofficially used in other countries, including China and Brazil.