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Proteins form in different shapes and structures. Some proteins are globular (spherical), compact and water-soluble, while other proteins are fibrous and elongated, physically tough, and water-insoluble. Chemical bonds are responsible for the shapes that proteins maintain.
Protein Folding and Structure. To understand how the protein gets its final shape or conformation, we need to understand the four levels of protein structure: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. For a short (4 minutes) introduction video on protein structure click here.
Proteins are the workhorses of cells. Learn how their functions are based on their three-dimensional structures, which emerge from a complex folding process.
Lesson 4: Properties, structure, and function of biological macromolecules. Molecular structure of DNA. Antiparallel structure of DNA strands. Molecular structure of RNA. Introduction to amino acids. Overview of protein structure. Introduction to carbohydrates. Carbohydrates. Molecular structure of triglycerides (fats)
Proteins serve a variety of functions within cells. Some are involved in structural support and movement, others in enzymatic activity, and still others in interaction with the outside world.
There are four levels of protein structure; the primary structure, the secondary structure, the tertiary structure, and the quaternary structure. Furthermore, there are two main classes of 3D protein structures; these are globular and fibrous proteins.
We shall examine protein structure at four distinct levels (Figure 2.17) - 1) how sequence of the amino acids in a protein (primary structure) gives identity and characteristics to a protein (Figure 2.18); 2) how local interactions between one part of the polypeptide backbone and another affect protein shape (secondary structure); 3) how the ...
Among other things, protein enzymes catalyze the vast majority of cellular reactions, mediate signaling, give structure both to cells and to multicellular organisms, and exert control over the expression of genes.
Protein structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in an amino acid -chain molecule. Proteins are polymers – specifically polypeptides – formed from sequences of amino acids, which are the monomers of the polymer. A single amino acid monomer may also be called a residue, which indicates a repeating unit of a polymer.
Biologists distinguish four levels of organization in the structure of a protein. The amino acid sequence is known as the primary structure of the protein. Stretches of polypeptide chain that form α helices and β sheets constitute the protein’s secondary structure.