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  2. Operational amplifier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_amplifier

    An op amp with negative feedback (a non-inverting amplifier) If predictable operation is desired, negative feedback is used, by applying a portion of the output voltage to the inverting input. The closed-loop feedback greatly reduces the gain of the circuit. When negative feedback is used, the circuit's overall gain and response is determined ...

  3. Loop gain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_gain

    The output of the amplifier is applied to a feedback network with gain β, and subtracted from the input to the amplifier. The loop gain is calculated by imagining the feedback loop is broken at some point, and calculating the net gain if a signal is applied. In the diagram shown, the loop gain is the product of the gains of the amplifier and ...

  4. Schmitt trigger - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmitt_trigger

    [nb 2] An open-loop op-amp and comparator may be considered as an analog-digital device having analog inputs and a digital output that extracts the sign of the voltage difference between its two inputs. [nb 3] The positive feedback is applied by adding a part of the output voltage to the input voltage in series or parallel manner. Due to the ...

  5. Operational amplifier applications - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_amplifier...

    where Z dif is the op-amp's input impedance to differential signals, and A OL is the open-loop voltage gain of the op-amp (which varies with frequency), and B is the feedback factor (the fraction of the output signal that returns to the input). [3] [4] In the case of the ideal op-amp, with A OL infinite and Z dif infinite, the input impedance ...

  6. Barkhausen stability criterion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barkhausen_stability_criterion

    Block diagram of a feedback oscillator circuit to which the Barkhausen criterion applies. It consists of an amplifying element A whose output v o is fed back into its input v f through a feedback network β(jω). To find the loop gain, the feedback loop is considered broken at some point and the output v o for a given input v i is calculated:

  7. Current source - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_source

    Figure 7: Typical op-amp current source. The simple transistor current source from Figure 4 can be improved by inserting the base-emitter junction of the transistor in the feedback loop of an op-amp (Figure 7). Now the op-amp increases its output voltage to compensate for the V BE drop. The circuit is actually a buffered non-inverting amplifier ...

  8. RC oscillator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RC_oscillator

    RC oscillators are a type of feedback oscillator; they consist of an amplifying device, a transistor, vacuum tube, or op-amp, with some of its output energy fed back into its input through a network of resistors and capacitors, an RC network, to achieve positive feedback, causing it to generate an oscillating sinusoidal voltage. [1][2][3] They ...

  9. Multivibrator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multivibrator

    An astable multivibrator consists of two amplifying stages connected in a positive feedback loop by two capacitive-resistive coupling networks. [failed verification] The amplifying elements may be junction or field-effect transistors, vacuum tubes, operational amplifiers, or other types of amplifier. Figure 1, below right, shows bipolar ...