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Diffuse injury has more microscopic injury than macroscopic injury and is difficult to detect with CT and MRI, but its presence can be inferred when small bleeds are visible in the corpus callosum or the cerebral cortex. [34] MRI is more useful than CT for detecting characteristics of diffuse axonal injury in the subacute and chronic time ...
Such microhemorrhages are difficult to be detected on CT scan, but easily detected on gradient echo and susceptibility weighted imaging on MRI scan as hypointense susceptibility blooming. Such microhemorrhages are frequently associated with diffuse axonal injury and located near the grey-white matter junction. [3]
Comparison of diffuse axonal injury imaged with conventional GRE (left) and SWI (right) at 1.5 T Comparison of hemorrhage imaged with conventional GRE (left) and SWI (right) at 1.5 T The detection of micro-hemorrhages, shearing, and diffuse axonal injury (DAI) in trauma patients is often difficult as the injuries tend to be relatively small in ...
Rotational forces are a common cause of diffuse injuries; [5] these forces are common in diffuse injuries such as concussion and diffuse axonal injury. The term "diffuse" has been called a misnomer, since injury is often actually multifocal, with multiple locations of injury. [2] Diffuse injuries include the following: Diffuse axonal injury is ...
Diffuse axonal injury is caused by shearing forces on the brain leading to lesions in the white matter tracts of the brain. [31] These shearing forces are seen in cases where the brain had a sharp rotational acceleration, and is caused by the difference in density between white matter and grey matter.
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy may cause intraparenchymal hemorrhage even in patients without elevated blood pressure. Unlike hypertension, cerebral amyloid angiopathy does not typically affect blood vessels to deep brain structures. Instead, it is most commonly associated with hemorrhage of small vessels in the cerebral cortex. [2]
In patients with mild TBI, the damage consists primarily of diffuse axonal injury (widespread damage to white matter) without any focal damage (damage to specific areas). Sometimes, injury of the brainstem was also observed. In these cases, there is likely the presence of an attentional deficit without a true amnesiac state.
MRI is able to better detect smaller injuries, detect damage within the brain, diffuse axonal injury, injuries to the brainstem, posterior fossa, and subtemporal and sub frontal regions. However, patients with pacemakers, metallic implants, or other metal within their bodies are unable to have an MRI done.