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A simplified but non-POSIX conforming form of the command, command > file 2 > & 1 is (not available in Bourne Shell prior to version 4, final release, or in the standard shell Debian Almquist shell used in Debian/Ubuntu): command & >file or command > & file. It is possible to use 2>&1 before ">" but the result is commonly misunderstood. The ...
The tee command is normally used to split the output of a program so that it can be both displayed and saved in a file. The command can be used to capture intermediate output before the data is altered by another command or program. The tee command reads standard input, then writes its content to standard output. It simultaneously copies the ...
Process substitution can also be used to capture output that would normally go to a file, and redirect it to the input of a process. The Bash syntax for writing to a process is >(command). Here is an example using the tee, wc and gzip commands that counts the lines in a file with wc -l and compresses it with gzip in one pass:
Change the file ownership PDP-7 UNIX cksum: Filesystem Mandatory Write file checksums and sizes 4.4BSD cmp: Filesystem Mandatory Compare two files; see also diff Version 1 AT&T UNIX comm: Text processing Mandatory Select or reject lines common to two files Version 4 AT&T UNIX command: Shell programming Mandatory Execute a simple command ...
Beyond other benefits, the input redirection forms allow command to perform random access on the file, whereas the cat examples do not. This is because the redirection form opens the file as the stdin file descriptor which command can fully access, while the cat form simply provides the data as a stream of bytes.
The > in the third example is a redirection operator, telling the command-line interpreter to send the output of the command not to its own standard output (the screen) but to the named file. This will overwrite the file. Using >> will redirect the output and append it to the file.
Windows, Linux: Yes Open source file format developed by Bulat Ziganshin. A "FreeArc Next" version is under development which includes Zstandard support. .arj application/x-arj ARJ: Originally DOS, now multiple Multiple Yes Competitor to PKZIP in the 1990s, offered better multi-part archive handling. .b1 application/x-b1 B1: Multiple Multiple Yes
It includes all commands that are standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in RFC 959, plus extensions. Note that most command-line FTP clients present their own non-standard set of commands to users. For example, GET is the common user command to download a file instead of the raw command RETR.