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The question of whether the governance of the European Union (EU) lacks democratic legitimacy has been debated since the time of the European Economic Community in the late 1970s. This led in part to an elected European Parliament being created in 1979 and given the power to approve or reject EU legislation. Since then, usage of the term has ...
In the past several years, the European Union (EU) has been going through a crisis that has been described as a "crisis of legitimacy" or as a " democratic deficit". To overcome this, the EU has put in place different strategies, one of them being that of participatory democracy .
It has been argued that the increased presence of Eurosceptic MEPs within the Parliament serves to enhance, rather than undermine the legitimacy of the Parliament as a democratic body. [32] If Eurosceptic MEPs can meaningfully engage in policy-making within the Parliament, this "fosters the Parliament's representativeness and contributes to the ...
There are three types of government systems in European politics: in a presidential system, the president is the head of state and the head of government; in a semi-presidential system, the president and the prime minister share a number of competences; finally, in a parliamentary republic, the president is a ceremonial figurehead who has few political competences.
[18] [19] The European Parliament was created to give more democratic legitimacy to the EU but shares legislative power with the Council of the European Union, which has one vote per country. The UN Parliamentary Assembly has been proposed as a way of ameliorating a democratic deficit within the United Nations. [20]
The democratic legitimation of the European Union rests on the Treaty System. The move toward unification first arose in the Kellogg-Briand Pact in 1928, which gained adherent countries during negotiations and took on a theme of integration for the achievement of peace between the Great Powers. [ 1 ]
Participatory democracy is a type of democracy, which is itself a form of government. The term "democracy" is derived from the Ancient Greek: δημοκρατία, romanized: dēmokratía from δῆμος/dēmos 'people' and κράτος/kratos 'rule'. [3] It has two main subtypes, direct and representative democracy.
The European Union is only open to a "European" state which respects the principles of "human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law, and respect for human rights, including the rights of persons belonging to minorities". Countries whose territory is wholly outside the European continent cannot therefore apply.