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However, since F[X] is a unique factorization domain, there is a unique representation for any rational expression P/Q with P and Q polynomials of lowest degree and Q chosen to be monic. This is similar to how a fraction of integers can always be written uniquely in lowest terms by canceling out common factors.
The concept was discovered independently in 1702 by both Johann Bernoulli and Gottfried Leibniz. [3] In symbols, the partial fraction decomposition of a rational fraction of the form where f and g are polynomials, is the expression of the rational fraction as. {\displaystyle {\frac {f (x)} {g (x)}}=p (x)+\sum _ {j} {\frac {f_ {j} (x)} {g_ {j ...
The degree of the sum (or difference) of two polynomials is less than or equal to the greater of their degrees; that is, For example, the degree of is 2, and 2 ≤ max {3, 3}. The equality always holds when the degrees of the polynomials are different. For example, the degree of is 3, and 3 = max {3, 2}.
Moreover, if one sets x = 1 + t, one gets without computation that () = (+) is a polynomial in t with the same first coefficient 3 and constant term 1. [2] The rational root theorem implies thus that a rational root of Q must belong to { ± 1 , ± 1 3 } , {\textstyle \{\pm 1,\pm {\frac {1}{3}}\},} and thus that the rational roots of P satisfy x ...
An algebraic number is a number that is a root of a non-zero polynomial (of finite degree) in one variable with integer (or, equivalently, rational) coefficients. For example, the golden ratio, , is an algebraic number, because it is a root of the polynomial x2 − x − 1. That is, it is a value for x for which the polynomial evaluates to zero.
is a horizontal line with y-intercept a0. The graph of a degree 1 polynomial (or linear function) f(x) = a0 + a1x, where a1 ≠ 0, is an oblique line with y-intercept a0 and slope a1. The graph of a degree 2 polynomial. f(x) = a0 + a1x + a2x2, where a2 ≠ 0. is a parabola. The graph of a degree 3 polynomial.
Monic polynomial. In algebra, a monic polynomial is a non-zero univariate polynomial (that is, a polynomial in a single variable) in which the leading coefficient (the nonzero coefficient of highest degree) is equal to 1. That is to say, a monic polynomial is one that can be written as [1] with.
A simple fraction (also known as a common fraction or vulgar fraction, where vulgar is Latin for "common") is a rational number written as a / b or , where a and b are both integers. [9] As with other fractions, the denominator (b) cannot be zero. Examples include 1 2 , − 8 5 , −8 5 , and 8 −5 .