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Face negotiation theory is a theory conceived by Stella Ting-Toomey in 1985, to understand how people from different cultures manage rapport and disagreements. [1] The theory posited " face ", or self-image when communicating with others, [ 1 ] as a universal phenomenon that pervades across cultures.
Politeness theory, proposed by Penelope Brown and Stephen Levinson, centers on the notion of politeness, construed as efforts to redress the affronts to a person's self-esteems or face (as in "save face" or "lose face") in social interactions.
Developed in the 1990s by John G. Oetzel it focuses on decision-making within groups integrating also the Vigilant Interaction Theory (Hirokawa and Rost) as well as the Face Negotiation Theory by Ting-Toomey. Hirokawa was involved in another theory along with Denis Gouran on Functional Theory of Group Decision making in the 1980s. [2]
Within this claim there are three dimensions. "Autonomy face" describes a desire to appear independent, in control, and responsible. "Fellowship face" describes a desire to seem cooperative, accepted, and loved. "Competence face" describes a desire to appear intelligent, accomplished, and capable.
Intercultural communication is a discipline that studies communication across different cultures and social groups, or how culture affects communication.It describes the wide range of communication processes and problems that naturally appear within an organization or social context made up of individuals from different religious, social, ethnic, and educational backgrounds.
Can we imagine ourselves back on that awful day in the summer of 2010, in the hot firefight that went on for nine hours? Men frenzied with exhaustion and reckless exuberance, eyes and throats burning from dust and smoke, in a battle that erupted after Taliban insurgents castrated a young boy in the village, knowing his family would summon nearby Marines for help and the Marines would come ...
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy bluntly protested against the U.S. and Russia negotiating over Ukraine's head, after President Donald Trump unilaterally announced an immediate start to ...
Activity theory; Activity-specific approach in temperament research; ... Face negotiation theory; Facial feedback hypothesis; Family Constellations; Field theory ...